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The narrowest official definition of the money supply is


A) M1.
B) M2.
C) M3.
D) L.

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Which of the following is an asset for a bank?


A) deposits of its customers
B) short-term borrowing
C) shareholders' equity
D) loans

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Economies where goods and services are traded directly for other goods and services are called ________ economies.


A) trade
B) barter
C) direct
D) seigniorage

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In an economy with ________, there are more prices than in an economy with ________.


A) barter; money
B) money; barter
C) fiat money; commodity money
D) fiat money; barter

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Suppose a transaction changes the balance sheet of Wells Fargo bank as indicated in the following T-account. Suppose a transaction changes the balance sheet of Wells Fargo bank as indicated in the following T-account.   At this point, what percentage of the new deposits does Wells Fargo hold in reserves? A)  100 percent B)  10 percent C)  5 percent D)  1 percent At this point, what percentage of the new deposits does Wells Fargo hold in reserves?


A) 100 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 5 percent
D) 1 percent

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Which of the following is an appropriate policy for the Fed to pursue if it wants to increase the money supply?


A) raise the reserve requirement
B) raise the discount rate
C) buy U.S. Treasury bills
D) lower taxes

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Bank reserves include


A) vault cash and deposits with the Federal Reserve.
B) loans to bank customers and deposits with the Federal Reserve.
C) vault cash and loans to bank customers.
D) customer checking accounts and vault cash.
E) deposits with the Federal Reserve and holdings of securities.

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Fiat money


A) has no or very little value except as money.
B) is rarely used in modern economies.
C) functions well only if can be redeemed for gold or other precious metals.
D) serves well as a medium of exchange, but not as a store of value.

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A bank's liabilities are


A) things owned by or owed to the bank.
B) things the bank owes to someone else.
C) a measure of the bank's net losses.
D) included as part of the bank's reserves.

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The Fed has more control over open market operations as compared to discount policy.

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If a person withdraws $500 from his/her checking account and holds it as currency, then M1 will ________ and M2 will ________.


A) increase; decrease
B) not change; not change
C) not change; increase
D) decrease; increase
E) decrease: decrease

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During World War II, prisoners of war used ________ as money.


A) bullets
B) cowrie shells
C) chocolate
D) cigarettes

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A bank's largest liability is its


A) short-term borrowing.
B) long-term debt.
C) deposits of its customers.
D) shareholder equity.

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If the required reserve ratio is RR, the simple deposit multiplier is defined as


A) If the required reserve ratio is RR, the simple deposit multiplier is defined as A)    . B)    . C)    × change in bank reserves. D)    × change in bank reserves. .
B) If the required reserve ratio is RR, the simple deposit multiplier is defined as A)    . B)    . C)    × change in bank reserves. D)    × change in bank reserves. .
C) If the required reserve ratio is RR, the simple deposit multiplier is defined as A)    . B)    . C)    × change in bank reserves. D)    × change in bank reserves. × change in bank reserves.
D) If the required reserve ratio is RR, the simple deposit multiplier is defined as A)    . B)    . C)    × change in bank reserves. D)    × change in bank reserves. × change in bank reserves.

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Most U.S. currency held outside the U.S. banking system is held by foreigners.

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If banks receive a greater amount of reserves and do not hold all of these reserves as excess reserves, the money supply expands.

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A central bank like the Federal Reserve in the United States can help banks survive a bank run by


A) printing money.
B) acting as a lender of last resort.
C) raising the discount rate.
D) increasing the required reserve ratio.

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Banks keep ________ of checking deposits as reserves because on a typical day withdrawals ________ deposits.


A) more than 100%; are much greater than
B) exactly 100%; are about the same as
C) less than 100%; are about the same as
D) exactly 100%; are much greater than
E) less than 100%; are much greater than

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Suppose that the bank has the following balance sheet: Suppose that the bank has the following balance sheet:    If the required reserve ratio is 10 percent, what is the maximum the bank can loan out? Suppose the bank makes this loan and the borrower spends the money, which is deposited in a different bank. Show the impact of these transactions on the bank's balance sheet. If the required reserve ratio is 10 percent, what is the maximum the bank can loan out? Suppose the bank makes this loan and the borrower spends the money, which is deposited in a different bank. Show the impact of these transactions on the bank's balance sheet.

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Since the required reserve ratio is 10 p...

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The process of bundling financial assets together and buying and selling these bundles in a secondary financial market is called


A) open market operations.
B) securitization.
C) fractional reserve lending.
D) seigniorage.

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