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Exam 8: Rna: Transcription and Processing

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Question 21

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Which of the following statement/s about RNA pol II is/are FALSE?

A) RNA pol II transcribes protein-encoding genes.
B) General transcription factors (GTFs) help RNA pol II to position at the promoter start to initiate transcription.
C) RNA pol II adds new nucleotides to the 3′ end of the transcript.
D) The CTD domain of RNA pol II coordinates cotranscriptional modifications.
E) RNA pol II reads the template DNA strand in a 5′-to-3′ direction during transcription.

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Question 22

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The spliceosome includes both protein and a functional type of RNA known as:

A) transfer RNA (tRNA) .
B) small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) .
C) micro RNAs (miRNAs) .
D) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) .
E) ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) .

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Question 23

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siRNAs are distinct from microRNAs (miRNAs) in that siRNAs:

The following table contains a list of statements that apply to replication,transcription,both,or neither.In each empty box,put a check mark if that statement applies to replication or transcription. $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline & \text { Replication } & \text { Transcription } \\\hline \text { The new strand is made 5' to 3'. } & & \\\hline \text { The new strand is made 3' to 5'. } & & \\\hline \begin{array} { l } \text { The new strand is identical to the termplate strand, with } \\\text { the exception of U's replacing T's. }\end{array} & & \\\hline \text { The new strand is complennentary to the ternplate strand } & & \\\hline \text { The termplate strarnd is RNA } & & \\\hline \text { The product is DNA } & & \\\hline \text { The product is RNA } & & \\\hline \text { An RNA priner is required to iritiate synthesis. } & & \\\hline \text { Synthesis of the new strand is initiated at a pronoter. } & & \\\hline \begin{array} { l } \text { The process is done only during the S-phase of the cell } \\\text { cycle. }\end{array} & & \\\hline \begin{array} { l } \text { The process is done only during the Gl -phase of the cell } \\\text { cycle. }\end{array} & & \\\hline\end{array}$

Pulse-chase experiments were vital for showing that RNA acts as an information-transfer intermediary between DNA and protein.Describe the basic steps of a pulse-chase experiment,and explain in your own words how the results suggested that RNA is the intermediate.

In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?

Shown below is the structure of a Drosophila gene,divided into 10 segments,designated A-J.The gene contains three exons,two introns,a promoter,and a site in I for poly(A)addition. a)What segment or segments of the gene will be represented in the initial RNA transcript? List the appropriate letter or letters. b)What segment or segments of the gene will be found in the completely processed transcript? c)What segment or segments of the gene in the processed transcript will have additional nucleotides added to them? d)What segment or segments of the gene contain the CCAAT box and TATA box elements? e)What segment or segments of the gene will possess the translation initiation codon? f)In a large sample of null alleles,would mutant sites be expected in segments C and D,at the boundary of G-H,or both? If mutant sites exist,would the transcript be detected? Would a polypeptide chain be observed?

Consider the following piece of messenger RNA: 5'-AUGGAGUCGUUAAUUAAACCGGUGCGGAUCGUAUUUAGUCCCCAC-3' a)Draw both strands of the segment of DNA that this mRNA was transcribed from. b)State which of the DNA strands the RNA synthesizing enzyme used as template for the transcription process. c)Using the codon chart,give the amino acid sequence of the protein that would be produced by translation of the mRNA,assuming the ribosome moved along the mRNA from left to right.

The following sequence was identified at the 3′ end of a transcribed RNA in prokaryotes. a)What is the name of the structure shown below? b)What is its function in transcription? c)What is the probable base composition of the region marked by the A arrow? d)What is the probable base composition of the region marked by the B arrow? e)In the original gene encoding this RNA sequence,the B region was mutated to GGCCGGTGC.How might this mutation of B affect transcription of this gene?

The sigma factor protein's role in transcription in E.coli includes which of the following?

In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?

A major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes have a nucleus,whereas prokaryotes do not.Discuss the impact of having a nucleus on the creation of mature mRNA.

Why does E.coli have several different sigma factors?

A segment of DNA from Drosophila melanogaster has the sequence: 5′ TCA AGC TTA AGA AGG CAT TTT 3′ a)Assuming that this is the template strand,what is the sequence of the encoded mRNA (make sure to denote 5′ and 3′ ends of the transcript)? b)If this sequence is the coding strand,what is the sequence of the encoded mRNA?

You generated a eukaryotic cell line that expresses an RNA polymerase II subunit that is missing the repeated sequences (seven amino acids per repeat)near the C-terminus.These repeated sequences are known to be important in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.Define how expression of this RNA polymerase might affect the cell line.Define how these repeated sequences are regulated within a normal RNA polymerase II enzyme.

What is the function of the TATA binding protein?

In eukaryotic species,three separate RNA polymerases transcribe different categories of genes.RNA polymerase III is known to primarily transcribe:

In eukaryotic species,three separate RNA polymerases transcribe different categories of genes.RNA polymerase I is known to primarily transcribe:

Which of the following is/are TRUE for RNA compared to DNA?

The following table contains a list of statements that may apply to mRNA,tRNA,snRNA,or rRNA.For each class of RNA molecule,put a check mark if the statement applies to that type of RNA. $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline& \text { MRNA } & \text { tRNA } & \text { snRNA } & \text { rRNA } \\\hline \text { Contains a 5'UTR } & & & & \\\hline \text { Translated into protein } & & & & \\\hline \text { Contains an anticodon } & & & & \\\text { Classified as functional RNA } & & & & \\\hline \text { Transcribed in the } 5^{\prime}-3^{\prime} \text { direction } & & & & \\\hline \text { Major component of ribosomes } & & & &\\\hline \text { Component of spliceosomes } & & & & \\\hline \text { Transcribed by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes } & & & & \\\hline \text { Have a functional role in translation } & & & &\\\hline\end{array}$