Question 1

The process by which a stimulus strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning
B)  latent learning
C)  classical conditioning
D)  reinforcement

Question 2

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank.After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light.In this example,the __________ is the unconditioned stimulus (US) .

Accepted Answer

A)  tank
B)  fish swimming to the top
C)  fish food
D)  aquarium light

Question 3

In classical conditioning,when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response,the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a/an _______ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned
B)  discriminative
C)  higher-order
D)  unconditioned

Question 4

A once neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response because it has a history of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus is known as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response
B)  conditioned stimulus
C)  conditioned response
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

One of the primary mechanisms that allows observational learning to take place is ______________,the recreating of a motor behavior or expression,often to accomplish a specific goal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the primary mechanisms that allows...

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding corporal punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spanking is generally a very effective punisher when it is used for immediately stopping a behavior.
B)  There is no evidence that spanking can lead to poor mental health.
C)  Corporal punishment teaches appropriate behaviors.
D)  Corporal punishment is best if administered several hours after the target behavior has occurred.

Question 7

In classical conditioning,the responses involved tend to be __________________,but in operant conditioning they are __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  punished; reinforced
B)  reinforced; punished
C)  reflexive; voluntary
D)  voluntary; reflexive

Question 8

An experiment finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he hears a certain piece of music.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the UNCONDITIONED response is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heartbeat.
B)  piece of music.
C)  sound of the buzzer.
D)  listening to the music.

Question 9

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the unconditioned response (UR) is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heartbeat
B)  female's picture
C)  sounds of the buzzer
D)  viewing of the picture

Question 10

In classical conditioning,the process during which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction
B)  spontaneous recovery
C)  acquisition
D)  discrimination

Question 11

An important distinction between classical and operant conditioning is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning involves voluntary responding,while operant conditioning involves involuntary responding.
B)  classical conditioning involves reinforcement,while operant conditioning involves punishment.
C)  cassical conditioning involves cognitive learning,while operant conditioning involves associative learning.
D)  responding does not affect the presentation of stimuli in classical conditioning,but in operant conditioning responding has consequences.

Question 12

A camp leader repeatedly hugs a camper after she helps her friend.Each time,the camper is embarrassed and shies away from future acts of assistance.In the example,"Hugging the camper" is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive reinforcer
B)  a primary reinforcer
C)  a punishment
D)  none of the above

Question 13

Bill hates to clean up after dinner.One night,he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up.When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen,his wife has cleaned everything up for him.Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bill will start cleaning up the kitchen before he bathes the dog.
B)  Bill's wife has positively reinforced him for bathing the dog.
C)  Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog.
D)  Bill's wife has established bathing the dog as a secondary reinforcer.

Question 14

Conditioning a response can take longer if the subject experiences the conditioned stimulus repeatedly before it is actually paired with a US.This phenomenon is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  preparedness
B)  extinction
C)  latent inhibition
D)  acquisition

Question 15

A _____________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic,motivational need,such a hunger,thirst,or touch.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary
B)  negative
C)  token
D)  secondary

Question 16

Why are heroin users more likely to overdose when they inject heroin someplace other than their usual location?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heroin users tend to inject a larger dose in new locations.
B)  Heroin users learn to associate safe practices with their usual location.
C)  Heroin users find drug use more rewarding in new locations.
D)  Cues that normally trigger a conditioned response that helps to prepare the body for the heroin are missing in the new locations.

Question 17

Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to the one you have learned to react to is called ___________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization
B)  response generalization
C)  higher-order conditioning
D)  modeling

Question 18

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the UNCONDITIONED response is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heartbeat
B)  female's picture
C)  sounds of the buzzer
D)  viewing of the picture

Question 19

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive
B)  negative
C)  primary
D)  secondary

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the relationship between media violence and aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Watching media violence definitely causes children to become more aggressive.
B)  Watching media violence is positively correlated with aggression,but it is difficult to establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
C)  Media violence and aggression are unrelated.
D)  Having an aggressive temperament actually causes children to watch more violent media.

Exam 6: Learning

Correct Answer
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In classical conditioning,the responses involved tend to be ,but in operant conditioning they are .

Correct Answer
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Bill hates to clean up after dinner.One night,he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up.When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen,his wife has cleaned everything up for him.Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Correct Answer
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In classical conditioning,the process during which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus is known as _____.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements is true regarding corporal punishment?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank.After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light.In this example,the __________ is the unconditioned stimulus (US) .

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A camp leader repeatedly hugs a camper after she helps her friend.Each time,the camper is embarrassed and shies away from future acts of assistance.In the example,"Hugging the camper" is _______.

Correct Answer
verified

The process by which a stimulus strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows is called ______________.

Correct Answer
verified

Conditioning a response can take longer if the subject experiences the conditioned stimulus repeatedly before it is actually paired with a US.This phenomenon is known as _____.

Correct Answer
verified

One of the primary mechanisms that allows observational learning to take place is ______________,the recreating of a motor behavior or expression,often to accomplish a specific goal.

Correct Answer
verified

A once neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response because it has a history of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus is known as a(n) _____.

Correct Answer
verified

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

Correct Answer
verified

Why are heroin users more likely to overdose when they inject heroin someplace other than their usual location?

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning,when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response,the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a/an _______ stimulus.

Correct Answer
verified

Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to the one you have learned to react to is called ___________ .

Correct Answer
verified

An important distinction between classical and operant conditioning is that:

Correct Answer
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A _____________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic,motivational need,such a hunger,thirst,or touch.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is true about the relationship between media violence and aggression?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,the responses involved tend to be __________________,but in operant conditioning they are __________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bill hates to clean up after dinner.One night,he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up.When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen,his wife has cleaned everything up for him.Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,the process during which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus is known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding corporal punishment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank.After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light.In this example,the __________ is the unconditioned stimulus (US) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A camp leader repeatedly hugs a camper after she helps her friend.Each time,the camper is embarrassed and shies away from future acts of assistance.In the example,"Hugging the camper" is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process by which a stimulus strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows is called ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conditioning a response can take longer if the subject experiences the conditioned stimulus repeatedly before it is actually paired with a US.This phenomenon is known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the primary mechanisms that allows observational learning to take place is ______________,the recreating of a motor behavior or expression,often to accomplish a specific goal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A once neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response because it has a history of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus is known as a(n) _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are heroin users more likely to overdose when they inject heroin someplace other than their usual location?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response,the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a/an _______ stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to the one you have learned to react to is called ___________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An important distinction between classical and operant conditioning is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _____________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic,motivational need,such a hunger,thirst,or touch.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about the relationship between media violence and aggression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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In classical conditioning,the responses involved tend to be ,but in operant conditioning they are .

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