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Markup is measured either as a percentage of ____ or a percentage of ____.


A) selling price; cost
B) cost; profit
C) revenue; contribution margin
D) resources used; cost
E) demand; competition

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Scenario 20.1 Use the following to answer the questions.Suppose that Ray-Ban is considering a new line of sunglasses that would be sold in major department stores. The new line would be positioned as a more distinctive brand than the typical glasses sold through department stores, and would be priced higher than other brands in the store, but a lower price line than the current Ray-Ban lines that are sold through more selective stores. In determining the price for this sunglass line, Ray-Ban wants to gather information about all brands sold in department stores and about customers' perceptions of those brands. -Refer to Scenario 20.1. Given Ray-Ban's plan for positioning the new sunglass line, they should use a ____ strategy when introducing their new product.


A) promotional
B) penetration
C) price-skimming
D) reference
E) secondary-market

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Compare and contrast price skimming and penetration pricing.

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Price skimming is the strategy of chargi...

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Which type of pricing objective can reduce a firm's risk by helping to stabilize demand for its products?


A) Status quo
B) Market share
C) Survival
D) Cash flow
E) Return on investment

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Which of the following is a requirement for setting pricing objectives?


A) The objectives should be short-term oriented.
B) There should be only one pricing objective.
C) An evaluation of competitors' prices should be made.
D) The cost structure should be identified.
E) The objectives should be explicitly stated.

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Pricing objectives should be considered overall goals to aid the organization in its long-range plans.

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When establishing prices, a marketer's first step is to


A) determine demand.
B) develop pricing objectives.
C) select a pricing policy.
D) evaluate competitors' prices.
E) determine a pricing method.

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Breyer's produces a variety of ice cream flavors and lines of varying qualities. The higher quality ice cream varieties are priced higher than the basic ones. Breyer's is using ____ to price its ice cream.


A) captive pricing
B) price baiting
C) premium pricing
D) bait pricing
E) differential pricing

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The newest version of a product like Bose headphones is likely to use _____, while the new version of Red Bull is likely to use _____ .


A) penetration pricing; price skimming.
B) price skimming; psychological pricing.
C) psychological pricing; penetration pricing
D) price skimming; penetration pricing
E) price skimming; promotional pricing.

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Under what conditions would a marketer most likely use a price leader strategy?

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Sometimes a firm prices a few products b...

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Describe, compare, and contrast the three major bases for setting prices.

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The three major dimensions on which pric...

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Differential pricing means different buyers pay different prices for the same quality and quantity of product.

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The role played by attitudes toward price in the overall evaluation of the marketing mix is a minor concern in identifying the target market.

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_____________ is pricing a product at a moderate level and positioning it next to a more expensive model or brand.


A) Reference pricing
B) Odd-even pricing
C) Customary pricing
D) Prestige pricing
E) Professional pricing

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The management at Allied Electronics is having difficulty in raising the introductory price on system components to cover the increased costs of producing the sensing devices for home security systems. Apparently, Allied used a(n) ____ strategy in pricing these components.


A) odd-even
B) skimming
C) lining
D) penetration
E) psychological

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Steinway produces concert grand pianos, often using the custom materials and designs desired by a specific customer. The average price of these pianos runs about $50,000 depending on the exact piano. What type of pricing does Steinway most likely use for these pianos?


A) Markup
B) Competition-based
C) Cost-plus
D) Demand-based
E) Secondary-market

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The three primary bases for developing prices are


A) profit, demand, and competition.
B) supply, demand, and marketing objectives.
C) demand, competition, and cost.
D) markup, cost, and cost-plus.
E) negotiation, periodicity, and randomness.

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A firm that considers costs and revenue secondary to competitors' prices when setting its own prices is using a competition-based pricing strategy.

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Bundle pricing may be perceived to be of value by customers because


A) they always pay a lower price per item than they would have if they bought each item separately.
B) they prefer buying a combination of bundled products in a single transaction, which saves time, effort, and perhaps money.
C) the companies selling the products can sell them at a lower price because their costs of packaging are lower.
D) they are purchasing complementary products, which is convenient for them.
E) they can purchase items that are consumed frequently in larger quantities.

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Marketers that evaluate competitors' prices do so to set their own prices slightly below those of competitors.

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