Exam 7: Cellular Respiration

A) substrate level ATP synthesis.
B) the preparatory reaction.
C) the electron transport chain.
D) the citric acid cycle.
E) fermentation.

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A) to anchor proteins within the mitochondria
B) because the phospholipids are involved in the electron transport chain
C) to separate two compartments of the cell to allow for gradient formation
D) to generate H⁺ from water
E) to provide a large surface area

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A) to activate the glucose
B) to donate electrons to NAD⁺
C) to compensate for the lack of oxygen
D) to accept electrons from glucose
E) to move the reaction into the mitochondria

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A) it has an older fossil record.
B) it is found in all living organisms.
C) it occurs inside the mitochondria.
D) the process is found in all primitive bacteria but lacking in many advanced organisms.
E) it produces more ATP than do the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

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A) Fermentation involves the citric acid cycle.
B) Fermentation does not require oxygen.
C) Fermentation can produce lactic acid.
D) Fermentation produces a net 2 ATP molecules.
E) Fermentation can produce alcohol.

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A) The individual was exercising at a level beyond their capability and entered into oxygen debt.
B) A smoker has developed emphysema and has decreased lung capacity.
C) The individual has had a stroke in the left hemisphere of their brain.
D) None of these reasons could cause an individual to shift into an anaerobic state.
E) All of the choices are reasons that an individual could shift into an anaerobic state.

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A) glycolysis
B) citric acid cycle
C) Calvin cycle
D) electron transport chain
E) preparatory reaction (prep)

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A) glucose and carbon dioxide
B) glucose and water
C) glucose and oxygen
D) lactate and carbon dioxide
E) carbon dioxide and water

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A) glycolysis
B) citric acid cycle
C) electron transport chain
D) glycolysis and electron transport chain
E) citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

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A) It triggers ongoing heavier breathing to provide further oxygen for the muscles.
B) Much of the lactate is transported to the liver where it is converted to pyruvate.
C) Some lactate converted to pyruvate is converted back to glucose.
D) Some lactate converted to pyruvate is then completely broken down.
E) It is stored in muscle cells for later ATP production.

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A) citric acid cycle, prep reaction, glycolysis, electron transport chain
B) electron transport chain, glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle
C) prep reaction, glycolysis, electron transport chain, citric acid cycle
D) glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
E) glycolysis, citric acid cycle, prep reaction, electron transport chain

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A) oxygen.
B) pyruvate.
C) CoA.
D) glucose.
E) carbon dioxide.

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A) glycolysis
B) preparation reaction
C) citric acid cycle
D) both glycolysis and the electron transport chain
E) both the preparation reaction and the citric acid cycle

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A) It is the best reaction we can utilize to produce ATP.
B) It produces lactate which is essential for humans.
C) It produces carbon dioxide which is necessary for our cells.
D) It generates the NAD⁺ we need for metabolism.
E) It is essential when we need a rapid burst of energy.

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A) If glucose levels are not high, there may be time to disperse the toxic alcohol waste.
B) The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.
C) Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle.
D) Fermentation is the preferred process, even when oxygen is available.
E) For very small organisms fermentation can be a simple process and is less complicated than cellular respiration.

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