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Which of the following is the most commonly observed nucleic acid form for storing of genomic information?


A) single-stranded DNA
B) double-stranded DNA
C) single-stranded RNA
D) double-stranded RNA
E) hybrid molecules of DNA and RNA

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Which of the following secondary structures is correctly identified?


A) Z-DNA: left-handed DNA with pyrimidines in the syn conformation and purines in the anti conformation
B) hairpin structure: self-complimentary single stranded molecules that form a parallel helix
C) cruciform: a double hairpin formed in a region of palindromic DNA
D) H-DNA: triple helical structure that results when Watson-Crick base pairing does not form and instead, Hoogsteen base pairing occurs
E) none of the above

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Show the typical hydrogen bonds that from when adenine pairs with its complimentary base.

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Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a nucleotide?


A) adenine is bound via a link between N-7 and C-1 of ribose
B) phosphates are always bound to C-2 of ribose
C) cytosine is bound via a link between the amine on C-4 and C-1 of ribose
D) guanine is bound via a link between N-9 and C-1 of ribose
E) none of the above

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From the following polynucleotide sequence, one would conclude which of the following? ACCAGTCG


A) the base found at the 3' end of the molecule is adenine
B) the base found at the 5' end of the molecule is adenine
C) the terminal adenosine contains a free 3' hydroxyl group
D) the terminal guanosine contains a free 5' phosphate group
E) none of the above

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Draw the two forms of a phosphodiester bond that can occur under physiological pH. If the pKa for this conversion is 6.2, what form predominates in the lysosome where the pH is about 5?

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blured image The protonated form...

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Which of the following represents a palindromic sequence?


A) ACCTTCCA
B) ATTCCAAT
C) GATTAATC
D) GGTAATCC
E) none of the above

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Which of the following base pairs would have 2 hydrogen bonds and a distance between C-1' of 1.08 nm?


A) A-C
B) G-C
C) A-T
D) G-T
E) none of the above

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