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James is a lawyer who used to work in the World Trade Center until the 9/11 incident took place.He survived the building collapse but was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) soon after.Over the next few months, he spent time gathering information on the attack, talking to other survivors, and organizing resources for them.Which of the following coping styles is James using?


A) Avoidant
B) Projection
C) Approach
D) Regression

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Negative and competitive social interactions are associated with:


A) chronic inflammation.
B) lower levels of inflammation.
C) normal levels of inflammation.
D) higher levels of inflammation.

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_____ involves the provision of services, financial assistance, or goods.


A) Emotional support
B) Tangible assistance
C) Invisible support
D) Informational assistance

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Experiencing the divorce of one's parents in childhood predicts:


A) excessive resilience in adolescence.
B) premature death in middle age.
C) cardiovascular diseases in old age.
D) early ageing.

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Which of the following is assessed by the Brief COPE?


A) Inflammatory responses to relaxation therapies
B) Health effects of emotional disclosure
C) Commonly used coping styles for managing stressful events
D) Potential costs of receiving social support and enhancing emotional support

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Emotional support is most beneficial when it comes from experts who are responsive to an individual's needs.

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Health psychologists view social support as an important resource in _____.


A) multimodal prevention
B) primary prevention
C) secondary prevention
D) tertiary prevention

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_____ forces a person to distinguish among stressful events that need to be avoided, tolerated, or overcome.


A) Goal setting
B) Time management
C) Relaxation training
D) Self-instruction

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The relationship between coping and a stressful event is a _____ process.


A) divergent
B) synergistic
C) dynamic
D) static

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A personality style characterized by optimism, a sense of control, conscientiousness, self-esteem, and positivity is the _____ personality.


A) disease-prone
B) selective-coping
C) health-prone
D) stress-preventive

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A patient with AIDS decides to approach his friend, who is a health therapist, for treatment.He feels that the therapist helps him in ways that his family is unable to.The therapist helps him in finding ways to cope with the disease and the resulting social pressures.This is an example of _____.


A) psychological control
B) informational support
C) tangible assistance
D) emotional support

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According to a survey, nearly half the people in the United States were found using _____ to deal with their health problems.


A) exercise
B) prayer
C) coping
D) laughter

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The benefits of social support are greatest when:


A) an individual is facing an uncomfortable medical procedure and receives invisible support.
B) the person from whom one is seeking support is perceived to be responsive to one's needs.
C) the person who is receiving the support has at least above average intelligence.
D) an individual does not have a problem but finds the appropriate form of social support.

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Psychological control is a belief that:


A) people positively affirm values that make them feel better about themselves and show lower physiological activity and distress.
B) one can determine one's own behavior, influence one's environment, and bring about desired outcomes.
C) opportunities for rest, relaxation, and renewal can help people cope more effectively with stressors.
D) people strive for a state of mind marked by heightened awareness of the present and focus on the moment.

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Define social support, and elucidate the different forms of social support.

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Mindfulness engages the prefrontal cortical regions of the brain, which regulate affect and downregulate activity in the limbic areas related to anxiety and other negative emotions.

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Inflammation in response to a short-term stressor can be _____.


A) inhibited
B) painful
C) adaptive
D) maladaptive

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The goal of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is to:


A) help notice thoughts from a distance and avoid response to them.
B) teach people to ignore their thoughts in a mindful manner.
C) change the private experience of stress and maintain commitment.
D) help people challenge their thoughts directly.

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Explain coping and the relationship between personality and coping.

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Optimistic people use problem-focused coping and seek social support from others.

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