Question 1

Unlike young people, nearly all people over the age of sixty-five are

Accepted Answer

A)   equally alert at all times.
B)   evening people.
C)   morning people.
D)   no longer alert at any time of day.

Question 2

Hypnosis has been used to help people remember things. These memories

Accepted Answer

A)   are extremely accurate.
B)   often include things that the hypnotized person has made up.
C)   are quite accurate under hypnosis, but become mixed with fantasy when the person comes out of hypnosis.
D)   are very accurate if they involve the person's childhood; otherwise they are not accurate.

Question 3

If a hypnotized person is told not to feel pain during surgery without anesthesia, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)   The pain sensations still occur, but they are not emotionally distressing.
B)   The pain receptors do not respond to the cuts.
C)   The pain receptors carry a message as far as the spinal cord, but the message stops in the spinal cord.
D)   The person feels the same pain as any nonhypnotized person, and reacts to it as strongly.

Question 4

People suffering from narcolepsy:

Accepted Answer

A)   get sleepy in the middle of the day.
B)   walk and talk in their sleep.
C)   find it difficult to breathe while sleeping.
D)   find it difficult to wake up in the morning.

Question 5

When memory tests are given to people of various ages at different times of the day, researchers have found that

Accepted Answer

A)   young adults do about the same as older adults in the morning.
B)   young adults do considerably worse than older adults late in the day.
C)   young adults and older adults do about the same late in the day.
D)   older adults do considerably better than young adults in the morning.

Question 6

Which of the following is most likely to occur during sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   The brain engages in some restorative processes during sleep.
B)   REM sleep is likely to happen just as we fall asleep.
C)   Animals with few predators will spend less time sleeping so they can hunt.
D)   People will only experience about two cycles of sleep in an eight-hour sleep period.

Question 7

According to the activation-synthesis theory, dreaming is

Accepted Answer

A)   a manifestation of a person's unconscious thought and motives.
B)   your brain's attempt to prevent or decrease PGO waves.
C)   a time of memory consolidation and removal.
D)   your brain's effort to make sense of spontaneous sensory activity.

Question 8

People who consistently work on the night shift (midnight to 8 a.m.)  may or may not fully adjust their circadian rhythms to this schedule. Which of the following would be most likely to help people adjust their rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A)   complete silence while sleeping during the day
B)   social activity while at work at night
C)   bright lights while at work at night
D)   loud music while at work at night

Question 9

Biological rhythms of wakefulness and sleepiness are controlled by?

Accepted Answer

A)   receptors attached to the muscles.
B)   the amount of light currently striking the receptors.
C)   a small area in the brain.
D)   the adrenal gland.

Question 10

Nightmares occur mostly during __________ sleep; night terrors occur during __________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)   REM...REM
B)   non-REM...non-REM
C)   non-REM...REM
D)   REM...non-REM

Question 11

Tests of memory and reasoning ability might underestimate the capacities of older adults if the research is done:

Accepted Answer

A)   early in the morning.
B)   in the late afternoon or evening.
C)   immediately after mild physical activity.
D)   during the summer.

Question 12

Why is it impossible for sleepwalking to occur during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   The postural muscles are so relaxed that they would not support a person.
B)   The heart rate is so slow that there would not be enough blood flowing to the large muscle.
C)   The part of the brain that is responsible for movement becomes inactive.
D)   The EEG shows too much spontaneous activity for specific muscles to be stimulated.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a common dream theme?

Accepted Answer

A)   falling or being chased
B)   things going wrong
C)   being naked or otherwise embarrassed
D)   watching television

Question 14

Research on dreams in children under 5 has found that

Accepted Answer

A)   these children dream mostly during NREM instead of REM sleep.
B)   these children less than the age of five often report vivid and complex dreams.
C)   these children report vivid dreams in fewer than half their REM awakenings.
D)   the amount of time spent in REM sleep steadily increases as one age.

Question 15

Research on whether we dream in color has found that people awakened during REM sleep report that

Accepted Answer

A)   their dreams are almost always in black and white.
B)   their dreams are in color at least half the time.
C)   their dreams are almost always in color.
D)   most dreams have only one color, usually red.

Question 16

What do sleepwalking and night terrors have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are both fairly common in children, but decline with age.
B)   They both occur during REM sleep.
C)   They are both associated with a circadian rhythm that is out of synchrony with the outside world.
D)   They both become more likely with increasing age.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a common dream theme?

Accepted Answer

A)   misfortune
B)   apprehension or fear
C)   finding money
D)   being a victim of aggression

Question 18

Which kinds of animals tend to sleep more than others?

Accepted Answer

A)   predators
B)   tropical animals
C)   hoofed animals
D)   rodents

Question 19

The subjective experience of perceiving oneself and other entities is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   assimilation.
B)   consciousness.
C)   the mind-brain problem.
D)   attribution.

Question 20

In 1965 a high-school student, Randy Gardner, stayed awake 11 days for a science fair project. What effect did this experience have on him?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gardner suffered from severe visual and auditory hallucinations during the final days of his project.
B)   Once he was allowed to sleep, Gardner slept for 5 consecutive days and nights.
C)   Gardner suffered permanent intellectual impairment.
D)   Gardner suffered no serious psychological consequences.

Exam 10: Consciousness

Unlike young people, nearly all people over the age of sixty-five are

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Which of the following is NOT a common dream theme?

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Which of the following is NOT a common dream theme?

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If a hypnotized person is told not to feel pain during surgery without anesthesia, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

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Which kinds of animals tend to sleep more than others?

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Research on whether we dream in color has found that people awakened during REM sleep report that

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Biological rhythms of wakefulness and sleepiness are controlled by?

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Which of the following is most likely to occur during sleep?

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In 1965 a high-school student, Randy Gardner, stayed awake 11 days for a science fair project. What effect did this experience have on him?

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The subjective experience of perceiving oneself and other entities is known as

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When memory tests are given to people of various ages at different times of the day, researchers have found that

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Tests of memory and reasoning ability might underestimate the capacities of older adults if the research is done:

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According to the activation-synthesis theory, dreaming is

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What do sleepwalking and night terrors have in common?

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Hypnosis has been used to help people remember things. These memories

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Research on dreams in children under 5 has found that

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Why is it impossible for sleepwalking to occur during REM sleep?

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People suffering from narcolepsy:

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Nightmares occur mostly during __________ sleep; night terrors occur during __________ sleep.

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People who consistently work on the night shift (midnight to 8 a.m.) may or may not fully adjust their circadian rhythms to this schedule. Which of the following would be most likely to help people adjust their rhythms?

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Nightmares occur mostly during sleep; night terrors occur during sleep.

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