Exam 17: The Endocrine System

A) prolactin (PRL)
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C) oxytocin (OT)
D) thyroid hormone (TH)
E) growth hormone (GH)

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A) The body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM.
B) Target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM.
C) Both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of, insulin.
D) Diabetic neuropathy is a common long term effect of DM.
E) Type II DM is more common than type I DM.

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A) CRH
B) GHRH
C) GHIH
D) APRH
E) TRH

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A) thyroid gland
B) pancreas
C) adrenal gland
D) parathyroid gland
E) thymus

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A) negative feedback inhibition
B) positive feedback inhibition
C) up-regulation
D) down-regulation
E) antagonistic regulation

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A) kidneys
B) adrenal gland
C) anterior pituitary
D) hypothalamus
E) pancreas

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A) They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects.
B) They secrete their products by way of ducts.
C) They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries.
D) They release their secretions into the blood.
E) Their secretions may be released onto the body surface.

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A) Hypoglycemia
B) Polyuria
C) Polyphagia
D) Polydipsia
E) Glucosuria

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A) arachidonic acid
B) leukotriene
C) prostacyclin
D) prostaglandins
E) thromboxanes

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A) mass of endocrine and neural cells
B) portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
C) bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus
D) depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland
E) projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs

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A) The chemical properties of the hormone
B) The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
C) The location of the gland that secretes the hormone
D) The location of the target cells in the body
E) The site where the hormone is secreted

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A) G protein activates adenylate cyclase
B) cAMP activates protein kinases
C) Adenylate cyclase produces cAMP
D) G protein is activated by the binding of a hormone to the receptor
E) Enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases

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A) adrenal medulla; epinephrine
B) pancreas; cortisol
C) kidneys; corticosterone
D) adrenal cortex; aldosterone
E) thyroid; calcitonin

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A) GHRH
B) GHIH
C) ACTH
D) CRH
E) TSH

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A) resistance stage; cortisol
B) resistance stage; aldosterone and cortisol
C) alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine
D) alarm reaction; cortisol
E) exhaustion stage; norepinephrine and epinephrine

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A) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the anterior pituitary
B) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the thyroid gland
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the thyroid gland
E) thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary

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