Question 1

What is the function of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases both Na+ and K+ reabsorption.
B)  It increases both Na+ and K+ secretion.
C)  It increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
D)  It reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
E)  It causes the urine to be more diluted.

Question 2

The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following describes an antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  It transports bicarbonate from the tubular fluid back into the tubule cells.
B)  It transports H+ in both directions across the epithelium.
C)  It transports CO2 from the blood into the tubule cells.
D)  It exchanges K+ for Na+.
E)  It exchanges H+ for Na+.

Question 4

Which of the following characterizes a weak base?

Accepted Answer

A)  It binds a little OH- and has a weak effect on pH.
B)  It binds a lot of OH- and has a strong effect on pH.
C)  It binds a little H+ and has a weak effect on pH.
D)  It resists changes in OH-.
E)  It lowers the pH.

Question 5

Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis
B)  metabolic acidosis
C)  urinary alkalosis
D)  urinary acidosis
E)  respiratory acidosis

Question 6

How is calcium concentration in the body regulated?

Accepted Answer

A)  By hormones
B)  By sodium and calcium concentrations in the plasma
C)  By chloride and phosphate concentrations in the plasma
D)  By the parasympathetic nervous system
E)  By the sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

Hypovolemia refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is not caused by hypernatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water retention
B)  Edema
C)  Hypertension
D)  Interstitial fluid accumulation
E)  A reduction in plasma volume

Question 9

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  baroreceptors
B)  proprioceptors
C)  nociceptors
D)  osmoreceptors
E)  mechanoreceptors

Question 10

A patient suffering from diabetic acidosis would display which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperventilation
B)  Hypoventilation
C)  Decreased H+ secretion by the kidneys
D)  Decreased ammonia secretion by the kidneys

Question 11

An excessive intake of antacids can lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic alkalosis
B)  Metabolic acidosis
C)  Respiratory alkalosis
D)  Respiratory acidosis
E)  Digestive alkalosis

Question 12

Acidosis has what effect on the resting membrane potential of nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes repolarization.
B)  It causes depolarization below threshold.
C)  It causes hyperpolarization.
D)  It causes depolarization above threshold.

Question 13

What is the greatest determinant of the intracellular water volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  K+
B)  Na+
C)  Ca2+
D)  Cl-
E)  PO43-

Question 14

Hypokalemia can result from all of the following except __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic vomiting
B)  diarrhea
C)  heavy sweating
D)  aldosterone hyposecretion
E)  excessive use of laxatives

Question 15

Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness,whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle tetanus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH
B)  Aldosterone
C)  Atrial natriuretic hormone
D)  Oxytocin
E)  Prolactin

Question 17

Blood plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What are the major chemical buffer systems of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  The urinary and respiratory
B)  The urinary and digestive
C)  The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
D)  The bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
E)  The bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate

Question 19

What is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+
B)  Cl-
C)  Ca2+
D)  K+
E)  Pi

Question 20

The bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory system,which ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies the buffer system with CO2
B)  supplies the buffer system with O2
C)  expels HCO3- produced by the buffer system
D)  expels H+ produced by the buffer system
E)  expels CO2 produced by the buffer system

Exam 24: Water,Electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness,whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle tetanus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the major chemical buffer systems of the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient suffering from diabetic acidosis would display which of the following symptoms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An excessive intake of antacids can lead to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypovolemia refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory system,which ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the greatest determinant of the intracellular water volume?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is calcium concentration in the body regulated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acidosis has what effect on the resting membrane potential of nerve cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not caused by hypernatremia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of aldosterone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypokalemia can result from all of the following except __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes an antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characterizes a weak base?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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