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Exam 11: True Experiments, part 1: Single-Factor Designs

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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In a well-designed between-subjects experiment,the participants would

A) Be assigned to conditions depending upon their gender
B) Be randomly allocated to conditions
C) Experience each condition at least once
D) Take a pre-test prior to allocation to groups

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Question 22

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An independent variable is also referred to as a

A) level
B) condition
C) factor
D) treatment

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Question 23

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Craik and Tulving (1975) designed a study to examine methods of processing words on memory.In the first part of the experiment,they asked a question regarding the visual processing,acoustic processing,or semantic processing of the word before the subject was presented with the word.Each subject in their study experienced all three types of questions.In the second part of the study,the researchers asked people to recognize the words that had been presented from a list containing the original words and many distractor words.What is the best description of the design of Craik and Tuliving's experiment?

Which one of the following is the simplest true experimental design?

In which one of the following situations would the Latin square technique be appropriate? When it

A researcher would like to know whether his new dog training program is effective.He tests a group of dogs before they start the program,and then again afterwards.What research design has he used?

A psychology professor wants to test the effectiveness of providing students in his introductory experimental psychology class with an outline of his weekly lecture notes.He randomly forms two groups within his class,each containing 24 students.The experimental group receives an outline of the professor's weekly lectures,and the control group receives no outline.On the basis of this description,discuss what flaw is most evident in the design of the experiment.Identify and design and discuss an alternative procedure that might eliminate the flaws.

An independent variable always has at least two

In a study of preference for four different clothing styles,each participant is asked to evaluate all four styles in a reverse counterbalanced order.What type of design does this study represent?

To determine the effect of counseling on the self-esteem of divorced women,a researcher measures the self-esteem of a group of women before and after they have received counseling and compares the before and after measurements.What type of design does this study represent?

The two basic elements of a true experimental design are

If counterbalancing within subjects does not seem possible in a within-subjects experiment,the you may consider controlling for order and sequence effects

Three experimental conditions are to be compared in a within-subjects experiment.Each condition requires 15 minutes,and a total of one hour is available for testing each subject.Which of the following procedures can be used to control for order and sequence effects?

Random allocation of subjects to groups

The experiment by Pinel on exploration as a function of Electroconvulsive Shock-learning interval used a multiple-condition design to

Which of the following is a true experimental design?

Which one of the following variables is most experimentally manipulable?

Researchers design a study to test the effects of marijuana and alcohol on verbal inhibition.Participants were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions.In condition A,participants smoke a placebo joint; in condition B,participants smoke one marijuana joint; in condition C,participants smoke two marijuana joints; and in condition D,participants smoke two marijuana joints and consume one ounce of alcohol.A word association test containing a number of socially taboo,or dirty,words is administered to each participant 15 minutes after each treatment is administered.Participant l receives condition A the first day,condition B the second day,condition C the third day,and condition D the fourth day.Participant 2 receives condition D the first day,A the second day,B the third day,and C the fourth day.Participant 3 receives condition C the first day,D the second day,A the third day,and B the fourth day.Participant 4 receives condition B the first day,C the second day,D the third day,and A the fourth day.Construct a table that illustrates the experimental design for this study.Identify the design.Discuss whether you think this design controls for sequence effects,order effects,or both.

Exhibit 11-1 A drug and a placebo are compared for treating diabetes.A random half of the subjects receive the drug,while the other half receives the placebo.Blood glucose level is tested in all of the subjects several times a day. Refer to Exhibit 11-1.The control condition in the experiment described is

You survey a group of people who have just finished college,most of whom say that the experience was worthwhile and that they learned a lot.What experimental design does this represent?