Question 1

A.afarensis's ___________ indicates bipedal locomotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  shape of pelvis and lower spine
B)  opposable thumb
C)  decreased body hair
D)  cranial capacity
E)  relatively large grinding surfaces on its back teeth A

Question 2

Sexual dimorphism is less pronounced in modern humans than in the australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The Laetoli footprints tell us that

Accepted Answer

A)  A.afarensis was a large bodied, knuckle-walking ape.
B)  A.afarensis did not have any natural predators.
C)  A.afarensis lived in large social groups.
D)  A.afarensis was a prey species for lions.
E)  A.afarensis was a small, bipedal hominin.

Question 4

The statement, __________, is not true.

Accepted Answer

A)  "australopithecines mainly ate savanna vegetation."
B)  "australopithecines exhibited greater sexual dimorphism than do modern humans."
C)  "australopithecines lived between approximately 4.2 and 1 m.y.a."
D)  "australopithecines started out as knuckle-walkers (A.anamensis)  and ended up bipedal (A.boisei) ."
E)  "australopithecines became more robust through time". D

Question 5

Australopithecine skulls, jaws, and teeth indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  australopithecines had a high incidence of warfare.
B)  australopithecines were strict carnivores.
C)  australopithecines spoke complex languages.
D)  australopithecines were largely vegetarian.
E)  australopithecines were cannibals.

Question 6

The 6 to 7 million-year-old primate skull discovered in northern Chad is

Accepted Answer

A)  Lucy.
B)  Proconsul.
C)  Sahelanthropus tchadensis.
D)  Homo erectus.
E)  Homo sapiens.

Question 7

The statement.__________, best summarizes the relationship between the birth canal and brain size during the course of hominin evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  "natural selection has favored a tendency toward decreased brain size and a reduction in the size of the pelvic opening throughout hominin evolution"
B)  "brain size has become more important than bipedalism over the course of hominin evolution, and the pelvic opening has continually expanded to compensate for larger brains"
C)  "natural selection has struck a balance between the structural demands of upright posture in bipedalism, which limits the expansion of the pelvic opening, and the tendency toward increased brain size"
D)  "the birth canal has become narrower throughout hominin evolution, even as brain size has continued to increase"
E)  "the human pelvic opening has continually expanded to allow for increased brain size, and the upright posture of bipedalism has been unaffected by these structural changes"

Question 8

The fossil known as

Accepted Answer

A)  sediba is important because A.there is debate if it should be a member of Homo sapiens.
B)  it has no evidence of being bipedal, but it has a large brain.
C)  it was found with the earliest stone tools.
D)  it has anatomy similar to both australopithecines and Homo.
E)  a team of prominent paleoanthropologists found it on their first day in the field.

Question 9

Australopithecine robustness was most pronounced in

Accepted Answer

A)  Ardipithecus
B)  afarensis
C)  anamensis
D)  boisei
E)  robustus

Question 10

Decreasing brain size is a trend in hominin evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Because an upright posture helps to conserve body heat, bipedalism may have developed among early hominins as an adaptation to the cooler conditions of the ice ages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

__________ is not a trend in early hominin evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Enlargement of the back teeth
B)  The development of bipedal locomotion
C)  Decreasing cranial capacity
D)  Greater reliance on tools
E)  Elaboration of cultural means of adaptation

Question 13

There is consensus among researchers that the gracile and robust australopithecines were different species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The cranial features of
A.afarensis reflect a diet consisting primarily of soft fruits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 15

By 1 m.y.a., H.erectus was the only hominin species that existed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Identify and discuss the major features of australopithecine dentition.Discuss what these teeth reveal about australopithecine adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Australopithecines, which lived between ...

Question 17

Identify the critical factors in the evolution of bipedalism.Include the primary theories about why humans became bipedal, and list the biological changes that take place.

Accepted Answer

The evolution of bipedalism in humans is...

Question 18

Researchers know Ardipithecus

Accepted Answer

A)  was a knuckle-walking proto-chimpanzee.
B)  was a bipedal hominin with very apelike characteristics.
C)  was merely a male Australopithecus anamensis.
D)  is a New World monkey.
E)  is ancestral to Neandertals but not to Homo sapiens.

Question 19

The femur of Orrorin tugenensis suggests that it was

Accepted Answer

A)  unable to climb in trees.
B)  able to walk on two legs.
C)  strictly arboreal.
D)  nearly twice the size of a modern gorilla.
E)  nearly identical to a modern human.

Question 20

A fact about australopithecines is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  have been found only in East Africa.
B)  were the first hominins to migrate out of Africa.
C)  developed and used Acheulian stone tools.
D)  included both gracile and robust species.
E)  are well known for their cave paintings.

Exam 6: Early Hominins

A.afarensis's ___________ indicates bipedal locomotion.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Sexual dimorphism is less pronounced in modern humans than in the australopithecines.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Laetoli footprints tell us that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The statement, __________, is not true.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Australopithecine skulls, jaws, and teeth indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 6 to 7 million-year-old primate skull discovered in northern Chad is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The statement.__________, best summarizes the relationship between the birth canal and brain size during the course of hominin evolution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fossil known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecine robustness was most pronounced in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreasing brain size is a trend in hominin evolution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because an upright posture helps to conserve body heat, bipedalism may have developed among early hominins as an adaptation to the cooler conditions of the ice ages.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is not a trend in early hominin evolution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is consensus among researchers that the gracile and robust australopithecines were different species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cranial features of A.afarensis reflect a diet consisting primarily of soft fruits.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

By 1 m.y.a., H.erectus was the only hominin species that existed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify and discuss the major features of australopithecine dentition.Discuss what these teeth reveal about australopithecine adaptation.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAustralopithecines, which lived between ...View AnswerShow Answer

Identify the critical factors in the evolution of bipedalism.Include the primary theories about why humans became bipedal, and list the biological changes that take place.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe evolution of bipedalism in humans is...View AnswerShow Answer

Researchers know Ardipithecus

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The femur of Orrorin tugenensis suggests that it was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fact about australopithecines is that they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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False

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Answered by ExamLex AI
Australopithecines, which lived between ...
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The evolution of bipedalism in humans is...
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