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A) the gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological capabilities-relative strength, endurance, intelligence, and so on.
B) women are subservient in nearly all societies, because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men.
C) foraging, horticultural, pastoral, and industrial societies all have similar attitudes toward sex but different attitudes toward gender.
D) changes in the gender roles of men and women are usually associated with social decay and anarchy.
E) the relative status of women is variable, depending on such factors as the type of subsistence strategy employed, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy.
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A) The feminization of poverty is unique to the United States.
B) Households headed by women tend to be poorer than those headed by men.
C) Married couples are much more secure economically than single mothers.
D) Women now head more than half the households in the United States.
E) The feminization of poverty has serious consequences with regard to living standards and health.
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A) very common in Brazil, given the country's general acceptance of alternative gender roles.
B) an example of the biological basis of sexual expression.
C) evidence of the cultural limits in determining gender roles.
D) perhaps the most common way of forming genders alternative to male and female.
E) increasingly popular among gay men in Brazil.
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A) spheres of exchange.
B) secular and sacred domains.
C) the elite and commoners.
D) home and the outside world.
E) cooking and sleeping spaces in residential units.
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A) the division of labor by gender is a natural characteristic of human societies.
B) biology has nothing to do with gender roles.
C) anthropologists are overly optimistic about finding a society with perfect gender equality.
D) patterns of division of labor by gender are culturally general-not universal.
E) exceptions to cross-cultural generalization are actually the rule.
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Foraging societies typically have more f...View Answer
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A) XY Intersex person
B) True Gonadal Intersex person
C) Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY configuration)
D) XX Intersex person
E) Turner syndrome
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A) They are sometimes characterized by a view that females are dangerous and polluting.
B) Their land and prestige are passed through the females.
C) They have strongly developed private-public dichotomies.
D) They have their prestige goods under male control.
E) They often practice polygyny and have patterns of intervillage raiding.
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A) the level of interest rates and the price of oil.
B) controlling one's own and others' tendency toward overconsumption.
C) free will and overcoming ideas that associate sin with the desires of the flesh.
D) free will and overcoming ideas that split the mind and body.
E) freedom or autonomy in terms of disposing of one's labor and its fruits, and social power: control over the lives, labor, and produce of others.
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A) women remain the primary producers of subsistence crops.
B) women govern the extra-domestic distribution of prestige items.
C) women fear contacts, including sexual intercourse, with men.
D) polygyny decreases household productivity, because a man must provide for more than one wife.
E) the population pressure on strategic resources is relaxed.
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A) true matriarchies do not exist.
B) women in matriarchies see their male counterparts as being inferior.
C) women of newer generations are experimenting with new ideas of gender roles.
D) although matriarchies do exist, they are not mirror images of patriarchies because, at least for the Minangkabau, both men and women are seen as cooperative partners for the common good.
E) although Minangkabau women play a central role in their culture's social, economic, and ceremonial life, they are still regarded as having lower status than men.
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A) gender stereotypes.
B) the prestige coefficient.
C) sexual ascribed status.
D) gender roles.
E) sex roles.
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A) women tend to have high status, but only within the domestic sphere.
B) gender and sex become indistinguishable.
C) female status tends to be high.
D) women rarely inherit any property and are therefore at a disadvantage in comparison to their brothers.
E) women leaders are only symbolic, because men tend to have true decision-making power.
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A) the cultural construction of whether one is female, male, or something else.
B) a political system ruled by men that defines the identity of women.
C) the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex.
D) the marked differences in male and female biology, which vary across cultures.
E) one's biological identity.
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