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Define satire,and explain the reasons Erasmus's In Praise of Folly qualifies as one.

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Satire is a literary genre that uses hum...

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Satire aims to convey the contradiction between


A) law and practice.
B) real and ideal situations.
C) faith and tangible evidence.
D) the moral and the secular.

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Why was Thomas Müntzer so critical of Martin Luther about the Peasant War?


A) Müntzer supported the Catholic Church's doctrines.
B) Luther refused to support the peasants' rebellion.
C) Müntzer claimed that God told him Luther was a liar.
D) Luther despised Jews,most of whom were peasants.

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Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More revived the Classical literary genre of


A) satire.
B) dramatic dialogue.
C) epistle.
D) parody.

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A

Why did The Nuremberg Chronicle's illustrators not concern themselves with depicting the different cities accurately?


A) Precise details cannot be portrayed in woodcuts.
B) Most readers had not been to those cities.
C) The artists were unfamiliar with the cities.
D) The images were too small to be exact pictures.

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Pieter Bruegel the Elder's Harvesters celebrates the harmonious relationship between


A) male and female peasants.
B) hard work and its rewards.
C) nature and people.
D) rural and city life.

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In his In Praise of Folly,Erasmus attacks Church officials for


A) spending money on lavish art.
B) not allowing clergy to marry.
C) supporting military campaigns.
D) selling pardons and indulgences.

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In his concept of "predestination," John Calvin meant that


A) people are hardwired to commit sin.
B) only Christians,God's beloved people,will go to heaven.
C) God ordains salvation for certain people at birth.
D) God determines whether a person will or will not sin.

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Ulrich Zwingli's ideas about Christianity differed from Luther's in regards to


A) celibacy.
B) charity.
C) indulgences.
D) communion.

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In the Four Apostles,Albrecht Dürer placed John in the foreground,because he was


A) Martin Luther's favorite apostle.
B) considered the most pious apostle.
C) Jesus's most beloved apostle.
D) considered the sternest apostle.

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Identify and explain at least three reasons Luther in his 95 Theses demanded reform of the Catholic Church.

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1) Luther demanded reform of the Catholic Church because he believed that the selling of indulgences was corrupt and exploitative. Indulgences were essentially payments made to the church in exchange for the forgiveness of sins, and Luther saw this practice as a manipulation of people's faith and a way for the church to profit financially. 2) Luther also called for reform because he believed that the church had become too focused on material wealth and power. He saw the opulence of the church hierarchy and the accumulation of wealth as a betrayal of the teachings of Jesus, who preached humility and compassion for the poor. 3) Additionally, Luther demanded reform because he believed that the church had strayed from the true teachings of Christianity as outlined in the Bible. He argued that many of the church's practices and traditions were not supported by scripture and were instead man-made inventions that had distorted the faith. He called for a return to a more authentic and pure form of Christianity based on the teachings of the Bible.

At the heart of Martin Luther's outrage at the Church's "salvation for sale" was


A) class inequity and injustice.
B) the Church's materialism.
C) unfair treatment of Northern Europe.
D) the Vatican's religious art.

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To create deeper and darker shadows in Melancholia I,Albrecht Dürer used the process of


A) stippling.
B) woodcut.
C) cross-hatching.
D) relief.

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Martin Luther rebelled against the Church mandate about celibacy for those in a religious vocation,because


A) faith,to him,equalized everyone,including the clergy.
B) he was already excommunicated when he married.
C) marriage prevented clergy from committing adultery.
D) God decreed that humans should procreate.

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According to Martin Luther,why could faithful people be certain of their salvation?


A) Christ had already atoned for their sins.
B) Only non-Christians were sent to hell.
C) Faithful people could not commit sin.
D) Christ promised salvation in the Sermon on the Mount.

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Identify and describe the reasons for the Church's objections to the Bible being made accessible to the masses.

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The Church's objections to the Bible bei...

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Describe the symbolism of the approaching storm in Altdorfer's Danube Landscape and the graphic details of Aerensen's The Meat Stall,connecting the symbolism with the Northern Reformation.

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The approaching storm in Altdorfer's Danube Landscape can be seen as a symbol of impending change and upheaval. The dark clouds and turbulent sky suggest a sense of foreboding and uncertainty, reflecting the tumultuous political and religious climate of the Northern Reformation. This period saw the rise of Protestantism and the challenge to the authority of the Catholic Church, leading to widespread social and political unrest. In contrast, Aerensen's The Meat Stall depicts graphic details of everyday life, with a focus on the brutality and violence of the slaughterhouse. The visceral imagery of blood and carcasses can be interpreted as a reflection of the harsh realities of life during the Northern Reformation, where religious and political conflicts often led to bloodshed and suffering. Both artworks can be connected to the Northern Reformation through their symbolism of upheaval and violence. The approaching storm in Altdorfer's painting represents the looming changes brought about by the Reformation, while Aerensen's graphic details serve as a reminder of the brutality and chaos that accompanied this period of religious and political transformation. Together, these artworks provide a visual representation of the turmoil and uncertainty that defined the Northern Reformation.

In 1505,Martin Luther entered a monastery,because he


A) claimed that God,in a dream,had commanded him to become a monk.
B) promised to become a monk if he survived a severe lightning storm.
C) was rejected by his great love,Katharina,who became a nun.
D) wanted the educational opportunities offered by the monastery.

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Describe at least two ways in which Luther's Reformation had political as well as religious implications.

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1) The Reformation led to the rise of ne...

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Describe how and why Martin Luther changed the use of music in the church service.

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Martin Luther changed the use of music i...

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