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Products tend to consume a disproportionate share of management and financial resources relative to their future worth throughout which stage of the product life cycle?


A) innovation
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) harvest

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Imagine that Eveready has developed solar rechargeable batteries that cost only slightly more to produce than the rechargeable batteries currently available. These solar batteries can be recharged by sunlight up to five times, after which they are to be discarded. Unfortunately, the production process cannot be patented, so competitors could enter the market within a year. Which of the following is the best description of the product life cycle of this product?


A) rapid growth followed by rapid decline
B) long, level beginning, and rapid ascent
C) moderately slow introduction, followed by modest growth, gradually leveling off
D) high introductory sales followed by rapid decline
E) high initial sales followed by slow decline

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Directions on how and when to use a product and information about the source and composition of a product that appear on packaging labels provide what kind of benefits?


A) communication benefits
B) storage benefits
C) perceptual benefits
D) protection benefits
E) self-realization benefits

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Which of the following quotes from a new-product adopter would signal the need for a firm to counteract a value barrier?


A) "But it might make me fat."
B) "What if I can't make the monthly payments?"
C) "I don't want to try this if it means I have to swallow it with milk."
D) "Big deal, the only difference is the shape of the package."
E) "Sure I'll try it; why not!"

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The primary purpose of a trademark is to


A) legally protect a product's brand name or trade name and prevent others from using it.
B) allow a company to use the brand name on multiple products in its product line.
C) legally identify the product as having met government standards for its product item.
D) help consumers identify a genuine product from a counterfeit product.
E) capitalize on the brand equity a consumer associates with the symbol, sound, or image.

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In terms of the diffusion of innovation, late majority accounts for __________ percent of product adopters.


A) 2.5
B) 13.5
C) 16
D) 34
E) 50

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When consumers think of Harley-Davidson, the image is of a masculine, nonconformist. With Vespa motor scooters, the image is of a brainy environmentalist. Both Vespa and Harley-Davidson


A) have brand personalities.
B) avoid brand subcultures.
C) are logotypes.
D) use co-branding.
E) use product personification.

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According to the textbook, which of the following is the most counterfeited branded product?


A) shoes
B) watches and jewelry
C) handbags and wallets
D) clothing and accessories
E) consumer electronics

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There are four stages of the product life cycle. What does the second stage of the product life cycle represent?


A) introduction
B) maturity
C) growth
D) accelerated development
E) decline

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Xunrui Communications is an upstart maker of inexpensive smartphones for the Chinese market. Xunrui purchases the components for the items, which are then sent to small assembly factories in Shenzhen, located in southern China. These smartphones retail for about $65, significantly less than the $250 to $600 for smartphones marketed by Apple or Samsung, the top two marketers of these items. Xunrui Communications most likely is using which pricing strategy in this example?


A) penetration pricing
B) cost-plus pricing
C) target ROI pricing
D) above-market pricing
E) skimming pricing

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Which of the following is a product modification strategy?


A) creating new advertising for a product
B) improving a product's quality
C) finding a new target market for a product
D) creating a new use situation for a product
E) altering a product's distribution

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Which of the following statements regarding labels is most accurate?


A) Although labels are can carry useful information, the less information communicated, the better.
B) The brand logo or brand name should always be the largest image on a label.
C) Labels can be very expensive, but they are important because they often are the first contact the consumer has with the product.
D) The best labels to use on food products are those that can be easily removed to promote recycling of the package.
E) One penny for every dollar consumers spend on products goes toward packaging and labeling costs.

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A product in the introduction stage of its product life cycle should have which of the following marketing objective(s) ?


A) stress differentiation
B) gain awareness and stimulate trial
C) foster brand loyalty
D) gain as much distribution as possible
E) target a marketing niche

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All of the following are market modification strategies except


A) creating a new use situation.
B) finding new customers.
C) changing a product's appearance.
D) targeting new market segments.
E) increasing a product's use among existing customers.

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The initial purchase of a product by a consumer is referred to as


A) a product sampling.
B) a first buy.
C) a trial.
D) an assessment.
E) an examination period.

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The Reynolds Wrap aluminum foil box has two side tabs that say "Press Here to Lock Roll" to keep the roll of foil in place during use. This demonstrates which elements of good packaging?


A) perceptual benefits and functional benefits
B) protection benefits and functional benefits
C) communication benefits and perceptual benefits
D) communication benefits and functional benefits
E) functional benefits and protection benefits

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Managers often use two special indexes to help identify strong and weak market segments in order to provide direction for marketing efforts. The two indexes, CDI and BDI, stand for


A) comprehensive demographic inventory and brand designation information.
B) consumer demographic index and buyer demographic inventory.
C) category development index and brand development index.
D) consumer development index and brand development inventory.
E) category development index and buyer development inventory.

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Which of the following quotes from a new-product adopter would signal the need for a firm to counteract a psychological barrier?


A) "But it might make me fat."
B) "What if I can't make the monthly payments?"
C) "I don't want to try this if it means I have to swallow it with milk."
D) "Big deal, the only difference is the shape of the package."
E) "Sure I'll try it; why not!"

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The central element of the marketing strategy for Pez Candy, Inc., is the


A) price.
B) breath mint.
C) availability.
D) container.
E) fulfillment.

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Which of the following statements about product line extensions is most accurate?


A) A product line extension strategy typically leads to increased advertising costs.
B) There are no risks associated with a product line extension strategy.
C) When the Clorox Co. joins with Kroger supermarkets to advertise Clorox products in a local newspaper, it is engaged in a product line extension.
D) A product line extension is a form of multiproduct branding.
E) A product line extension is a form of multibranding.

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