Question 1

The four goals of scientific research on behavior are to:

Accepted Answer

A)   describe,prescribe,eliminate,and undermine behavior.
B)   describe,predict,explain,and determine the causes of behavior.
C)   describe,analyze,eliminate,and determine the effects of behavior.
D)   describe,understand,explain,and modify behavior.

Question 2

Prediction of behavior involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   providing an objective set of rules for gathering,evaluating,and reporting information on behavior.
B)   regular observation of a specific behavior to ensure that two events are systematically related to one another.
C)   explaining the events that have been previously described.
D)   understanding the reason behind the occurrence of certain types of behavior.

Question 3

_____ is "fake" science in which seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research.

Accepted Answer

A)   Omniscience
B)   Antiscience
C)   Prescience
D)   Pseudoscience

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of scientific inquiry as described by Goodstein's evolved theory of science?

Accepted Answer

A)   Science is a way of thinking in which ideas do battle with other ideas in order to move ever closer to truth.
B)   Scientists must have strong ethical principles and be committed to treating those who participate in research investigations with respect and dignity.
C)   Scientists often tend to become authorities when they express their ideas and report their observations to other scientists and the public.
D)   Scientific research is subject to the temporal order of events in which the cause precedes the effect.

Question 5

Which characteristic of scientific inquiry emphasizes that if an idea is falsified when it is tested,science is thereby advanced because this result will spur the development of new and better ideas?

Accepted Answer

A)   Data play a central role.
B)   Scientists are not alone.
C)   Science is adversarial.
D)   Scientific evidence is peer reviewed.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

A)   Facilitated communication
B)   Program evaluation
C)   Basic research
D)   Heuristic evaluation

Question 7

Identify the primary role of reviewers involved in peer review.

Accepted Answer

A)   Recommending whether a study should be published or not
B)   Providing an objective set of rules for reporting information
C)   Providing an objective set of rules for gathering and evaluating information
D)   Making scientific evidence obtainable

Question 8

According to Goodstein,which characteristic of scientific enquiry emphasizes that scientists make observations that are accurately reported to other scientists who will follow up on the findings by conducting research that replicates and extends these observations.

Accepted Answer

A)   Data play a central role.
B)   Scientists are not alone.
C)   Science is adversarial.
D)   Scientific evidence is peer reviewed.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific approach to acquiring knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)   Scientists accept the pronouncements of anyone on faith.
B)   Scientists do not rely on intuition and assertions of authorities for ideas for research.
C)   A person can accept on faith the statements of any authority.
D)   Both intuition and authority can be sources of ideas about behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following is the first goal of behavioral science?

Accepted Answer

A)   Understanding behavior
B)   Predicting behavior
C)   Determining the causes of behavior
D)   Describing behavior

Question 11

Accepting the information in a professor's lecture without considering the credibility of the information exemplifies a belief in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition
B)   authority
C)   scientific evidence
D)   skepticism

Question 12

Which of the following is an important consideration that people in all organizations too often fail to remember when new ideas are implemented?

Accepted Answer

A)   Social scientists should evaluate each program to determine if it is having its intended effect and if it is not,alternative programs should be tried.
B)   Scientists should have strong ethical principles and be committed to treating those who participate in research investigations with respect and dignity.
C)   Legislators who control the budgets of research-granting agencies of the government have demanded that research be directly relevant to specific social issues.
D)   Both basic and applied research are important,and neither can be considered superior to the other.

Question 13

Which of the following characterizes pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

A)   It answers fundamental questions about the nature of behavior.
B)   It reflects the basic processes of behavior rather than immediate practical implications.
C)   It expresses claims using seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations.
D)   It assesses the social reforms and innovations that occur in mental health institutions.

Question 14

Determining the cause of behavior is an important goal of behavioral science because:

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior cannot be altered unless the cause is known.
B)   predicting behavior necessitates a need to know the exact cause of the behavior.
C)   without knowing the cause of a specific behavior,there is always the risk of generating an erroneous description.
D)   it adds to the credibility of the scientist involved in behavioral research.

Question 15

Scientific _____ means that ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations.

Accepted Answer

A)   fanaticism
B)   didacticism
C)   radicalism
D)   skepticism

Question 16

Which of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research study?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Measurement of reaction times to different colored lights"
B)   "The influence of a food reward on maze running behavior in kittens"
C)   "Cognitive factors influencing logical reasoning"
D)   "Increasing recycling of styrofoam containers: A test at an amusement park"

Question 17

_____ is a cognitive bias that occurs when a person focuses on two events that stand out and occur together.

Accepted Answer

A)   Skepticism
B)   Falsifiability
C)   Illusory correlation
D)   Temporal precedence

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to be a problem associated with intuition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Unquestioningly accepting one's own personal judgment
B)   Finding an explanation for one's own behavior or the behaviors of others
C)   Explaining the intriguing events that one may observe
D)   Drawing erroneous conclusions based on cognitive or motivational biases

Question 19

Of the four goals of behavioral science,description of behavior involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   careful observation of things that are observable such as eye gaze and running speed.
B)   regular observation of a specific behavior to ensure that two events are systematically related to one another.
C)   explaining the events that have been previously described.
D)   understanding the reason behind the occurrence of certain types of behavior.

Question 20

The fundamental characteristic of the scientific approach is:

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition.
B)   authority.
C)   falsifiability.
D)   empiricism.

Exam 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Which of the following is most likely to be a problem associated with intuition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Goodstein,which characteristic of scientific enquiry emphasizes that scientists make observations that are accurately reported to other scientists who will follow up on the findings by conducting research that replicates and extends these observations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fundamental characteristic of the scientific approach is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Accepting the information in a professor's lecture without considering the credibility of the information exemplifies a belief in _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which characteristic of scientific inquiry emphasizes that if an idea is falsified when it is tested,science is thereby advanced because this result will spur the development of new and better ideas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The four goals of scientific research on behavior are to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Determining the cause of behavior is an important goal of behavioral science because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientific _____ means that ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the first goal of behavioral science?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of scientific inquiry as described by Goodstein's evolved theory of science?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is "fake" science in which seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is a cognitive bias that occurs when a person focuses on two events that stand out and occur together.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prediction of behavior involves:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the four goals of behavioral science,description of behavior involves:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the primary role of reviewers involved in peer review.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characterizes pseudoscience?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific approach to acquiring knowledge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an important consideration that people in all organizations too often fail to remember when new ideas are implemented?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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