Question 1

In the case of knowing that watching television violence is a predictor of actual aggression,which of the following evidence accentuates the need to know that aggression followed after television viewing occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)   Temporal precedence
B)   Covariation of cause and effect
C)   Elimination of alternative explanations
D)   Observational analysis

Question 2

Of the four goals of behavioral science,determining the cause of behavior involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   careful observation of things like running speed,eye gaze,or loudness of laughter.
B)   regular observation of a specific behavior to ensure that two events are systematically related to one another.
C)   concluding causation based on temporal precedence,covariation of cause and effect,and alternative explanations.
D)   explaining and understanding the events that have been described as causing a particular behavior.

Question 3

A claim without a scientific base that a product or procedure will enhance a person's memory,relieve depression,or treat autism or post-traumatic stress disorder,is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   omniscience
B)   antiscience
C)   prescience
D)   pseudoscience

Question 4

Which of the following has influenced U.S.Supreme Court decisions related to juvenile crime?

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavioral research on human development
B)   Statistical research on judicial decisions
C)   Research undertaken by mental health professionals
D)   Research undertaken by educators in various fields A

Question 5

Which of the following is true of applied research?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is considered more valuable than basic research.
B)   It is often guided by the findings of basic research.
C)   It is designed to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior.
D)   It is of value only if the results are published. B

Question 6

Which of the following goals of science is the most important for changing behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Description
B)   Prediction
C)   Determination of cause
D)   Explanation

Question 7

Identify a true statement about basic and applied research.

Accepted Answer

A)   Applied research tries to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior,whereas basic research is conducted to address issues in which there are practical problems and potential solutions.
B)   The distinction between basic and applied research is a convenient typology but is probably more accurately viewed as a continuum.
C)   Both basic and applied research are important,but applied research is considered to be superior than basic research.
D)   All basic researches are guided by the theories and findings of applied research investigations. B

Question 8

The statement,"The different eating habits of obese and non-obese persons are caused by physiological factors" is an example of _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   predicting
B)   describing
C)   explaining
D)   evaluating

Question 9

According to Cook and Campbell,what are the three types of evidence used to identify the cause of a behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Temporal precedence,covariation of cause and effect,and alternative explanations
B)   Alternative explanations,positive linear relationship,and construct validity
C)   Internal consistency reliability,item-total correlation,and covariation of cause and effect
D)   Facilitated communication,alternate forms reliability,and falsifiability

Question 10

A general rule to help detect pseudoscience is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   be highly skeptical of scientific assertions that rely on vague evidence.
B)   draw conclusions based on cognitive and motivational biases that affect perceptions.
C)   not waste time doing an Internet search for supportive evidence.
D)   rely unquestioningly on one's own personal judgment.

Question 11

The statement,"Participants in quiet environments score consistently higher on math achievement tests than participants in noisy environments" is an example of _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   explaining
B)   predicting
C)   describing
D)   understanding

Question 12

Administrators at the county's juvenile hall have implemented a reward program to decrease disruptive behavior during meal times.The scientific approach would primarily dictate that the program:

Accepted Answer

A)   covers theoretical issues concerning social behavior.
B)   be thoroughly assessed to measure the intended result.
C)   integrates theoretical concepts to eliminate ambiguity.
D)   discusses the immediate practical implications and poses new questions.

Question 13

In the context of the goals of behavioral research,the statement "People eat more when they are alone than when they are with friends" exemplifies _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   describing
B)   predicting
C)   explaining
D)   understanding

Question 14

_____ is the idea that knowledge is based on observations.

Accepted Answer

A)   Fanaticism
B)   Didacticism
C)   Empiricism
D)   Skepticism

Question 15

Many people readily accept anything they learn from religious figures or government officials because of their belief in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   skepticism
B)   authority
C)   pseudoscience
D)   empiricism

Question 16

Dr.Roussel conducts research to determine whether or not an after-school program improves school performance in fifth-grade children.Dr.Roussel is most likely engaged in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   basic research
B)   theoretical research
C)   performance appraisal
D)   program evaluation

Question 17

Which of the following journal article titles represents an example of a basic research study?

Accepted Answer

A)   "The effect of self-awareness on a cognitive reasoning task"
B)   "Buying behavior: The influence of item shelf placement in retail grocery stores"
C)   "Increasing knowledge of dangers in the home: A tri-state phone survey"
D)   "A peer tutoring program as a method to increase cultural sensitivity"

Question 18

Scientists often rely on intuition and assertions of authorities to:

Accepted Answer

A)   generate ideas for research.
B)   draw conclusions about behavior.
C)   set rules for evaluating and reporting information.
D)   ensure that flawed research does not become part of scientific literature.

Question 19

Which of the following is the final goal of behavioral science?

Accepted Answer

A)   Determining the causes of behavior
B)   Predicting behavior
C)   Explaining behavior
D)   Describing behavior

Question 20

Which of the following is an advantage of the scientific approach over other ways of knowing about the world?

Accepted Answer

A)   Eliminating the need for evidence before drawing scientific conclusions
B)   Ruling out intuition and authority as sources of ideas about behavior
C)   Providing an objective set of rules for gathering,evaluating,and reporting information
D)   Rejecting the idea that numerous cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions

Exam 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior

In the case of knowing that watching television violence is a predictor of actual aggression,which of the following evidence accentuates the need to know that aggression followed after television viewing occurred?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the four goals of behavioral science,determining the cause of behavior involves:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A claim without a scientific base that a product or procedure will enhance a person's memory,relieve depression,or treat autism or post-traumatic stress disorder,is an example of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has influenced U.S.Supreme Court decisions related to juvenile crime?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is true of applied research?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following goals of science is the most important for changing behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify a true statement about basic and applied research.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The statement,"The different eating habits of obese and non-obese persons are caused by physiological factors" is an example of _____ behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Cook and Campbell,what are the three types of evidence used to identify the cause of a behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A general rule to help detect pseudoscience is to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The statement,"Participants in quiet environments score consistently higher on math achievement tests than participants in noisy environments" is an example of _____ behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Administrators at the county's juvenile hall have implemented a reward program to decrease disruptive behavior during meal times.The scientific approach would primarily dictate that the program:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of the goals of behavioral research,the statement "People eat more when they are alone than when they are with friends" exemplifies _____ behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is the idea that knowledge is based on observations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many people readily accept anything they learn from religious figures or government officials because of their belief in _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Roussel conducts research to determine whether or not an after-school program improves school performance in fifth-grade children.Dr.Roussel is most likely engaged in _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following journal article titles represents an example of a basic research study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists often rely on intuition and assertions of authorities to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the final goal of behavioral science?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an advantage of the scientific approach over other ways of knowing about the world?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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