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If a cell is irreparably damaged,it undergoes programmed cell death,called


A) apoptosis.
B) cell division.
C) metastasis.
D) cytokinesis.
E) mitosis.

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When chromosomes duplicate,the copies are


A) not connected together.
B) connected together at only one end.
C) connected together at both ends but not the middle.
D) connected to each other along their entire length.
E) connected at only one point.

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Which of the following cell types goes through the cell cycle most frequently?


A) heart muscle cell
B) bicep muscle cell
C) brain nerve cell
D) skin cell
E) spinal nerve cell

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Organelles duplicate during


A) prophase.
B) G1 phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) S phase.
E) P phase.

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Why would a chromosome condense during mitosis?

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Chromosomes condense...

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A cell divides before properly completing S phase.Which of the following would be a likely result?


A) two perfectly normal cells
B) one perfectly normal cell
C) two cells with extra DNA
D) two cells with some missing DNA
E) one cell with extra DNA and one with missing DNA

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You are trying to discover a new way to treat breast cancer that would specifically target cancerous cells and not normal cells.You notice that cancerous breast cells express a specific protein on their membranes,which normal cells do not express.Can you think of a way to use this fact to your advantage?

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Design a drug that will target...

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A cell spends most of its time in


A) metaphase.
B) telophase.
C) prophase.
D) anaphase.
E) interphase.

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Paclitaxel interferes with


A) chromosome separation during anaphase.
B) chromosome duplication.
C) cytokinesis.
D) nuclear envelope disintegration during mitosis.
E) centromere formation during interphase.

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Cells that have accumulated too much chromosomal damage can


A) lead to the formation of a tumor.
B) lead to cancer.
C) cause the cell to destroy itself (apoptosis) .
D) lead to uncontrolled cell division.
E) All of the above.

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Which stage of the cell cycle is the lengthiest?


A) interphase
B) mitosis
C) cytokinesis
D) All the stages are equal in duration.
E) None of the above.

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The medical condition of cells growing out of control is called


A) cytokinesis.
B) cancer.
C) metastasis.
D) apoptosis.
E) tumorization.

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A cell divides before properly completing mitosis.Which of the following would be a likely result?


A) two perfectly normal cells
B) one perfectly normal cell
C) two smaller than normal cells
D) two cells with either extra or missing chromosomes
E) two cells with extra DNA and extra chromosomes

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Why was taxol a controversial cancer drug when it was discovered?


A) Extraction of the drug required killing thousands of old-growth trees that grow in a limited area.
B) The rare spotted owl nested in the forests of trees from which the drug was extracted.
C) A whole tree would have to be killed to treat each person, causing environmentalists to clash with patient advocates.
D) It was difficult to obtain enough taxol to treat all the patients who needed it.
E) All of the above.

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Radiation therapy for cancer works by


A) burning the cells, thereby killing them.
B) damaging the cell's DNA, resulting in cell death.
C) interfering with the cell's mitotic spindle.
D) dissolving the tumor through heating.
E) freezing the cells, thereby killing them.

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Chromosomes are duplicated during


A) the G1 phase.
B) mitosis.
C) cytokinesis.
D) the G2 phase.
E) the S phase.

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After chromosomes are duplicated,the identical copies


A) are called twin chromosomes.
B) are attached to each other by a centromere.
C) are separated and paired with their homologous chromosomes.
D) divide again before mitosis can begin.
E) are attached to each other by a cytosome.

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When chromosomes duplicate,they form


A) daughter chromatids.
B) sister chromatids.
C) mother-daughter chromosomes.
D) bifurcated chromosomes.
E) chromateres.

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Cell division is usually kept under control by


A) apoptosis.
B) a single checkpoint in cytokinesis.
C) several checkpoints in the cell cycle and by apoptosis.
D) suicide checkpoints.
E) cell cycle repair mechanisms.

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The correct order of phases in mitosis is


A) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
B) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
C) G1, S, G2, M, and cytokinesis.
D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and cytokinesis.
E) cytokinesis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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