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Exam 11: Managing Individual Differences and Behavior: Supervising People As People

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Question 41

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Define the Pygmalion effect. Explain how could it be used in a positive way by managers.

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The self-fulfilling prophecy, also known...

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Question 42

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If a manager knows one of his employees has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, he should _____.

A) provide frequent reminders about improving weaknesses
B) avoid delegating work to this employee
C) redesign the work so that it is routine and structured
D) reinforce the employee's positive attributes and skills
E) avoid giving feedback

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Question 43

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Carol really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Carol has _____.

People tend to prefer male bosses and generally view women leaders as being less effective than men, an example of sex-role stereotyping.

Tracy exhibited organizational citizenship when she asked her colleagues from other departments about their projects and what they were trying to accomplish with genuine interest.

On Gardenswartz and Rowe's diversity wheel, external dimensions of diversity consist of the personal characteristics that people acquire, discard, or modify throughout their lives.

Lori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson, since she beat her goal this year by nearly 30%. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said it was simply the economy. This is an example of _____.

The behavioral component of an attitude refers to how one intends or expects to behave toward a situation.

Literacy is no longer a problem in the American workforce.

One of the Big Five personality dimensions is introversion.

Name and describe at least four major barriers to organizational diversity.

Julie really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply to share stories with other interesting people. Julie probably scores high in _____.

Both the halo effect and the recency effect are types of distortion in perception.

A manager needs to learn how to manage individual differences. List four types of behavior that a manager needs to influence employees to do their best work.

Personality test data should be supplemented with information from reference checks, personal interviews, ability tests, and job performance records when hiring.

As an employee's age increases, his or her _____.

Type A behavior has been associated with increased work performance, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

Define stress and describe at least four sources of stress on the job.

Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?

You have important clients in town who want to have dinner with you, but your mother has a plumbing leak and has asked you to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. You are experiencing _____.