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Matt was passionate about Abercrombie & Fitch. It was the only place he'd buy his clothes. If anyone asked him about clothes, he would talk for what seemed like hours about why he only shopped there. From a strictly marketing perspective, this word of mouth is an element of


A) social marketing.
B) brand loyalty.
C) self-actualization.
D) motivation.
E) brand extension.
Matt's word of mouth behavior is an outcome of his brand loyalty.

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Toyota, a well-established, reputable brand, recently introduced a new line of vehicles under the Scion brand, targeted at young car buyers. Toyota probably used the new brand to


A) lower advertising costs.
B) appeal to a different market segment.
C) reinforce the Toyota brand image.
D) exploit brand loyalty to Toyota.
E) lower product development costs.
Toyota probably chose to use a new brand to target young people.

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Think of the car you are currently driving, or an article of clothing you are wearing. Name three brand associations that are common with this car or clothing. Explain how these associations might influence someone's decision to buy these products.

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Students should demonstrate an...

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For the average college student, a retirement account would be a shopping product. Most college students are not thinking of preparing for retirement, so a retirement account would be an unsought product.

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Brand __________ is the set of assets and liabilities linked to a brand that add to or subtract from the value provided by the product or service.


A) positioning
B) licensing
C) association
D) equity
E) solvency
This is the definition of brand equity.

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Shell MasterCard, created cooperatively by Shell Oil Company and Master Card, is an example of


A) co-branding.
B) brand extraction.
C) brand collusion.
D) a generic brand.
E) brand dilution.
This is a co-branding arrangement, in which two brands lend their names to a cooperative venture.

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Laura prefers Sony products and will only purchase alternatives when there are no Sony products available. Laura's brand loyalty means she is most likely


A) relatively insensitive to price.
B) uninformed about the product category.
C) product category committed.
D) a brand equity investor.
E) a savvy consumer.
Because Laura is loyal to Sony, she is likely to stay with the brand even if the price rises or if competitors offer cheaper options. This means that she is less price sensitive.

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One important purpose of a brand is to


A) sell advertising space.
B) minimize product line depth needed to be effective.
C) increase consumer recognition and awareness of product offerings.
D) inform product packaging.
E) meet government regulations.
Brands help consumers know what products are available under that name.

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When a company launches a new product line with an existing brand name, this is known as


A) a brand extension.
B) a line extension.
C) a multi-brand.
D) a new brand.
E) co-branding.
A brand extension refers to the use of the same brand name for a new product line.

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Marketers selling milk, bread, and other consumer staples know most customers do not spend much time searching or comparing alternatives. For most consumers, these are _____________ goods.


A) specialty
B) shopping
C) convenience
D) ritual
E) impulse
Milk, bread, and other consumer staples are convenience goods for most shoppers. They will not compare many alternatives, but will simply purchase what they need.

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Lionel Smith Ltd. is a traditional men's clothing store. Every fall the owner sends an embossed invitation (much like a wedding invitation) to his regular customers, inviting them to a private reception showing the new fall line of clothes. For Lionel Smith Ltd., one of the benefits of having established a loyal customer base is


A) recognition through industry awards.
B) lower marketing costs associated with reaching loyal customers.
C) that he can be less concerned about competitors' actions.
D) increased price sensitivity among loyal customers.
E) less need for concern about product quality.
Loyal customers are less likely to switch brands due to competitor actions.

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Zappos, an online shoe company, knows shoes are typically a(n) __________ good, with consumers often spending time comparing alternatives. They overcome that aspect of consumers' search process by offering a free, no questions asked return policy.


A) specialty
B) shopping
C) convenience
D) ritual
E) impulse
Shoes are typically a shopping good, where consumers compare alternatives.

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Andy likes gourmet popcorn and will spend time trying to find his favorite brand. His girlfriend, Joanne, loves popcorn but doesn't care about brands. For Andy, popcorn is a __________ good while for Joanne it is a __________ good.


A) shopping; specialty
B) convenience; shopping
C) convenience; specialty
D) specialty; convenience
E) unique; universal
For Andy, popcorn is a specialty product-he is willing to spend time finding his favorite brand. For Joanne, it is a convenience good-she doesn't care about brands and so is unlikely to comparison shop.

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What is the advantage of a corporate or family brand? Provide an example of one.

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All products sold under the co...

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Provide a real-world example of a national brand and a private-label brand.

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Answers will vary, but the national bran...

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Why do manufacturers like Procter & Gamble spend millions of dollars annually creating and maintaining their brands? Why don't they just manufacture their products and sell them under store brand labels?

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Creating and maintaining national brands...

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A __________ brand is one where there is a contractual arrangement between firms allowing one to use its brand name for a fee.


A) franchise
B) joint venture
C) shared
D) common use
E) licensed
This is the definition of a licensed brand, such as Ralph Lauren, which firms pay a fee to use.

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Private-label brands are imitations often sold by street vendors. A private-label brand is a retailer or store brand, developed by retailers to be sold only within their own stores.

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The company Jorge works for has just acquired a regional grocery store chain. The chain has a very strong reputation among consumers in the states in which it operates. The acquired company owns several private-label brands. Jorge has been asked to prepare a brief about the options for retaining the private-label brands that the chain had been selling. What are the key points Jorge should include?

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In addition to all the considerations ab...

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Which of the following is NOT one of the important functions of labels on products and packages?


A) protecting against damage to the product
B) providing consumer information to assist in purchasing
C) identifying the brand and building brand image
D) promoting the brand or complementary brands
E) listing ingredients
The package might protect against damage to the product, but that is not a function of the label.

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