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The purpose of secondary sources of law is to increase uniformity and fairness across courts in the 50 states.

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A wrongful act may violate civil law or criminal law but cannot violate both simultaneously.

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Restatements of the Law are written and revised by Congress and state legislatures as needed.

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Which of the following, from highest to lowest, properly demonstrates preemption?


A) federal common law; federal statutes; U.S. Constitution
B) state statutory law; federal common law; federal administrative law
C) state common law; state administrative law; state statutory law
D) federal administrative law; federal common law; state statutory law

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The source of bankruptcy law is a combination of:


A) statutory and common law.
B) constitutional and common law.
C) statutory and administrative law.
D) administrative and common law.

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The Uniform Commercial Code has been adopted in every state except:


A) California.
B) Mississippi.
C) Louisiana.
D) Iowa.

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The common law is the law that all states follow to avoid confusion and to promote consistency from state to state.

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Joshua is a highly accomplished soccer player and a successful coach. He is often hired by other coaches to run soccer clinics and soccer camps for their teams. If Joshua decides to incorporate and sell stock to finance the corporation, the area of law that he would need to be aware of with regard to the stock sales would be:


A) securities law.
B) intellectual property law.
C) contract law.
D) antitrust law.

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The clean hands doctrine is most specifically applied to:


A) primarily plaintiffs.
B) primarily defendants.
C) both plaintiffs and defendants equally.
D) the judge and jury deciding the case.

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In Flagiello v. Pennsylvania Hospital, the court had to balance the hospital's negligence against the charitable immunity doctrine to determine whether Flagiello could recover for injuries sustained on the hospital's property. The court determined that:


A) the charitable immunity doctrine was specifically and clearly written, so it was bound to follow the clear intent of the statutory scheme and find for the hospital.
B) the charitable immunity doctrine had been litigated in the past and stare decisis required that the court adhere to established case precedent and find for the hospital.
C) current societal norms rendered the charitable immunity doctrine inapplicable to this case and fundamental fairness allowed the court to deviate from established case precedent and find for Flagiello.
D) the charitable immunity doctrine can be repealed or overturned only by the state's legislature and stare decisis required that case precedent be followed; however, due to the severity of Flagiello's injuries, the charitable immunity doctrine allowed for certain exceptions, permitting Flagiello to recover in this case.

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All statutes have a statutory scheme, but not all statutes have a legislative history.

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Legal realism is the oldest form of American jurisprudence; it was founded during the American Revolution and forms the basis for the U.S. Constitution.

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Most states have separate courts of law and equity.

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When a Pennsylvania appellate court makes a decision, stare decisis requires that Delaware trial courts follow the case precedent when a case with a similar fact situation arises.

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A statute of limitations that most appropriately falls under the equitable maxim is:


A) the clean hands doctrine.
B) substance over form.
C) remedies at law are preferred over remedies in equity.
D) equity aids the vigilant.

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In Kauffman-Harmon v. Kauffman, when Mr. Kauffman sued his children to have all stock given to them transferred back to him, claiming their possession was only a temporary trust, the court found that:


A) a temporary trust had indeed been created and Mr. Kauffman was the equitable owner of the stock.
B) Mr. Kauffman was the equitable owner of the stock because the children had participated in a fraud when accepting ownership of the stock.
C) the children owned the stock because Mr. Kauffman's request for the return of the stock and the subsequent lawsuit came after the statute of limitations had run, so he was barred from recovery.
D) the children owned the stock and Mr. Kauffman's claims were barred by the clean hands doctrine.

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Name the three essential functions of the U.S. Constitution.

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The Constitution addresses three broad a...

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Judicial opinions are also known as the ________ of the case.

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A presidential veto may be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote of the Senate.

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A collection of uniform legal principles focused on a particular area of traditional state law is called ________ of the Law.

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