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The later Mesopotamian people who built a large empire based on a powerful army with iron weapons and the use of professional officers were the


A) Hittites.
B) Hyksos.
C) Assyrians.
D) Babylonians.
E) Hebrews.

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Are there drawbacks to the rise of complex societies? In other words,is every aspect of civilization good? Are there still problems today that stretch back to the rise of civilization?

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The rise of complex societies certainly ...

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Hebrew monotheism has its origins with


A) Abraham.
B) Moses.
C) Joseph.
D) David.
E) Solomon.

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While Hammurabi's code was based on the concept of lex talionis,it was also shaped by


A) social standing.
B) the will of the Mesopotamian gods as expressed by the priestly class.
C) the language spoken by the accused perpetrator.
D) the age of the accused perpetrator.
E) the religion of the victim.

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The Phoenicians invented the horse-drawn chariot.

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Evidence shows that the Mesopotamians


A) traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia,Egypt,and India.
B) lived an isolated existence and did not trade.
C) traded exclusively with the Egyptians.
D) traded extensively until the time of the Assyrians,when trade dropped to nothing.
E) traded exclusively with the Phoenicians.

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A

Examine the rise of the Mesopotamians.What were the political and cultural foundations of their society? Who were the most important leaders?

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The rise of the Mesopotamians can be tra...

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Examine the question of monotheism.Why was it such an unusual religious view in the ancient world?

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Monotheism, the belief in one single all...

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Which of the following is NOT a Semitic language?


A) Hebrew
B) Phoenician
C) Aramaic
D) Sumerian
E) Akkadian

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Which of the following languages is NOT of Indo-European origin?


A) Egyptian
B) Farsi
C) Hindi
D) Greek
E) Italic

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The first alphabet was created by the Phoenicians.

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The creator of the first empire in Mesopotamia was


A) Hammurabi.
B) Moses.
C) Sargon of Akkad.
D) Gilgamesh.
E) Nebuchadnezzar.

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The first complex society was developed in the southern Mesopotamian land of


A) Akkad.
B) Assyria.
C) Sumer.
D) Babylonia.
E) Palestine.

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C

Why were the Assyrians such formidable conquerors?

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The Assyrians were formidable conquerors...

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In Mesopotamia,prisoners of war,convicted criminals,and heavily indebted individuals were the three main sources for


A) slaves.
B) indentured servants.
C) dependent clients.
D) mercenary soldiers.
E) indentured priests.

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Examine the social structure of the Mesopotamians.Were there great divisions between the different social classes? How had the social distinctions changed since the period of prehistory?

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The social structure of the Mesopotamian...

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What role did technological innovations and trade play in the rise of the Mesopotamians? What innovations led to turning points in the histories of these societies? How widely did they trade?

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Technological innovations and trade play...

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What were the social strata in ancient Mesopotamia? How were slaves acquired and used?

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In ancient Mesopotamia, the social strata were divided into three main classes: the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. The upper class consisted of the ruling elite, including kings, priests, and high-ranking officials. The middle class included merchants, artisans, and skilled laborers. The lower class comprised of farmers, unskilled laborers, and slaves. Slaves in ancient Mesopotamia were acquired through various means, including warfare, debt, and as a form of punishment for crimes. Once acquired, slaves were used for a variety of tasks, such as agricultural labor, domestic work, and as concubines. They had no rights and were considered the property of their owners, who had complete control over their lives. Overall, the social strata in ancient Mesopotamia were rigidly defined, with little opportunity for social mobility, and slaves were an integral part of the labor force, serving the needs of the ruling elite and contributing to the economy of the civilization.

Mesopotamian metalworkers discovered that if they alloyed copper and tin they could produce


A) obsidian.
B) steel.
C) iron.
D) silver.
E) bronze.

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Examine the creation of early methods of writing.How did this innovation influence the lives of the peoples of the ancient world?

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The creation of early methods of writing...

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