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A.decreased mucus production.
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A) The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts, compared to allergens entering the digestive tract or respiratory tract.
B) Chemicals from insects cause a combination of antibody types to be produced, resulting in much larger amounts of total antibody.
C) Histamine is overproduced as a result of injected chemicals.
D) Chemicals injected as medications cause problems in immune response, resulting in a reduced immune coverage.
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A) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction utilize IgE in their mechanisms.
B) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction are immediate hypersensitivities, occurring within a few hours.
C) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction involve large amounts of antibody production.
D) The mechanism of both lupus and the tuberculin reaction involve large amounts of inflammatory chemicals released into tissue.
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A) Anaphylaxis
B) Antibody-mediated
C) Immune complex-mediated
D) Both anaphylaxis and antibody-mediated.
E) Both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated.
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A) T helper cells erroneously identify sperm cells as foreign invaders, triggering the T cytotoxic cells to start killing sperm.
B) Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign.
C) Antigens on sperm cells are similar to antigens on a variety of bacteria like Streptococcus. After a strep throat caused by Streptococcus, the immune system produces antibodies to streptococcal antigens, which then cross react with sperm antigens and destroy them.
D) These antibodies are produced as a result of mutations in T lymphocytes, causing them to make large amounts of antibody.
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A) histamine
B) leukotriene
C) platelet-activating factor
D) serotonin
E) prostaglandin
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A) autoantibodies.
B) failure of B-cell development and maturity.
C) congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D) delayed hypersensitivity.
E) a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.
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A) Sequestered antigens
B) Forbidden clones
C) Molecular mimicry
D) The gut microbiome
E) All the choices are currently being investigated as possible explanations.
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A) The anti-histamine will have no effect because once a type I hypersensitivity kicks in, it will last for a few days.
B) The rash will go away because the antihistamine neutralizes the histamine chemicals coming from mast cells in your skin.
C) The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity.
D) The antihistamine will make the rash worse because it reacts with chemicals release by the lymphocytes in your skin, exacerbating the situation.
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A) sensitization
B) desensitization
C) degranulation
D) tissue matching
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A) He can be given types O or B, no matter whether Rh- or Rh+. At this point in time, he does not have anti-Rh antibody. O has no antigens on the blood cells, so he is also safe to receive that type in addition to his own B type.
B) He can safely receive O- blood even though he makes anti-A antibodies.
C) He can be given A+ blood type in addition to B+. Rh- means that he makes no antibody to Rh.
D) The preferred blood type to give John, in addition to his own B type blood, would be AB. Both types of blood have the B antigen on the cells, so they would correspond to his own antigens. As for Rh, he can receive only Rh- blood since he would have a reaction against Rh+.
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A) IgM
B) complement
C) foreign cells
D) IgE
E) IgG
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A) a sensitizing and provocative dose.
B) an allergen entering the skin.
C) T lymphocytes secreting inflammatory cytokines.
D) the production of itchy papules and blisters.
E) All of the choices are correct.
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A) can never have an Rh+ baby.
B) is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
C) inherited two dominant genes.
D) is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status.
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A) MHC genes.
B) inheritance of two of three possible alleles.
C) ABO antigen markers.
D) genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors.
E) genetically determined glycoprotein markers.
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A) humoralpathology
B) hemopathology
C) epidemiology
D) immunopathology
E) histopathology
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