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Exam 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

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Question 31

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Arafa has collected data on the relationship between physical attractiveness and judgments of personality characteristics. In order to determine if the results obtained from the sample are representative of the population, Arafa will need to employ _____ statistics.

A) qualitative
B) descriptive
C) inferential
D) ordinal

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Question 32

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Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is called a _____ error, whereas not rejecting a false null hypothesis when it is false is called a(n) _____ error.

A) beta; alpha
B) Type I; Type II
C) minor; major
D) significant; insignificant

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Question 33

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A _____ result is one that has a very low probability of occurring if the population means are equal.

Which statistical test would be most appropriate for examining the relationship between temperature and the number of ice cream cones sold?

Which significance level would minimize the probability of a Type I error?

A researcher wants to test a hypothesis according to which the mean rating of guilt will be higher for unattractive defendants than for attractive defendants. The appropriate statistical test would be the _____.

A researcher assesses the length of the prison sentence for physically attractive and physically unattractive defendants. He believes that attractive defendants will receive shorter prison sentences than unattractive defendants. The null hypothesis would suggest that:

According to her statistical analysis, an investigator found that significantly more men than women used punishment to discipline their children. Thus, the investigator would:

Which of the following statements is true of a null hypothesis?

The research hypothesis states that the:

A consumer analyst asks participants to rate the comfort of the ride for two brands of all-terrain tires-Trail Cushion and Mud Handler. Trail Cushion is rated more comfortable with a mean of 5.5 than Mud Handler, which is found to have a mean of 4.3. The Type I error would be to conclude that Trail Cushion is:

Sean wants to test a hypothesis according to which the mean amount of sales dollars will vary between Oak Ridge, Oak Wood, and Oak Park shopping malls. The appropriate statistical test would be the _____.

Andrea is told that the means of two groups in a study were statistically significant. She knows the means and standard deviations of the two groups and is interested in calculating an estimate of effect size. Given this information, which effect size estimate should she calculate?

According to a survey, 57 percent of the citizens of the United States prefer a Democratic candidate, while 43 percent of the citizens prefer a Republican candidate in an election. The survey reports a confidence interval (CFI) of 95 percent + or -3. What can be concluded from these results?

Reida has developed a program that is designed to increase the reading comprehension scores of sixth graders. She randomly selects three students to participate in her program. When she compares the mean score of the students who completed her program to that of three students who did not participate in the program, she finds no significant difference between the mean scores. What is most likely the reason for the nonsignificant finding?

A Type II error occurs when one:

Statistically, significant results mean that the results are:

The _____ is commonly used to examine whether two groups are significantly different from each other.

A one-tailed statistical test is used when:

A researcher employs inferential statistics to examine the difference in mean scores obtained by fourth grade boys and girls in a standardized math test. In this case, inferential statistics: