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A relationship between birth rate and population density exists,for example,in the plantain weed Plantago major;as densities increase,birth rates ________.

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Which density-dependent process contributed most significantly to the recovery of the North American monarch butterfly population after the severe winter losses of 2002?


A) Unusually mild weather in the eastern United States greatly improved juvenile butterfly survival.
B) Butterfly predators starved when the monarch population dropped,and by the time it had recovered,Monarch population numbers were back up.
C) Egg production is inversely proportional to density;the surviving monarchs had ample resources and experienced maximal reproduction.
D) With fewer returning adults,there was less competition for food among the young caterpillars,and their survival rate was unusually high.

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Which of the following has the highest population density?


A) 1 grasshopper living in an area of 10 square meters
B) 100 rabbits living in an area of 10,000 square meters
C) 200 sparrows living in an area of 20,000 square meters
D) 1,500 oysters living in an area of 1,500 square meters

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In computing an individual's ecological footprint,which of the following would NOT be included?


A) energy demand
B) food use
C) goods and services use
D) education level

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The rates of population growth and emigration are directly proportional.

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Food shortages and communicable disease are examples of factors that can increase a population's death rate while simultaneously ________ its growth rate.

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Factors such as the age of reproductive maturity,maximum litter size,and the gestation period combine to produce an upper limit for the growth rate of any population;under what circumstances is that rate most likely to be seen?


A) when the population approaches a density that's 50 percent of its carrying capacity
B) when there are very few individuals in the population,for example,the initial colonists in a new habitat or the first few individuals of an introduced species
C) when the population reaches its carrying capacity
D) when the survivors following a population crash begin to reproduce

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When an isolated population reaches its carrying capacity


A) the birth rate > the death rate.
B) the birth rate = the death rate.
C) the birth rate < the death rate.
D) It is not possible to generalize these values.

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One of the greatest concerns to ecologists today is the possibility that the current rate of human population growth will soon produce a human population that exceeds the ________ of our environment.

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The population explosion that occurred shortly after the Opuntia cactus was introduced to Australia is an example of


A) exponential growth.
B) emigration.
C) reduced population density.
D) a native species outcompeting an introduced species.

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