Question 1

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Critical period

Accepted Answer

A)  connects fetus to placenta
B)  life-threatening disease characterized by high blood pressure
C)  high blood pressure during pregnancy
D)  found in leafy green vegetables
E)  an estrogen named diethylstilbestrolF) environmental influences or agents that can damage an embryo or fetusG) first two weeks after conceptionH) hollowed out area in the blastocyst from which the nervous system developsI) filters what is passed between mother and fetusJ) development from the top downK) inner layer of cells of the embryoL) viral infection associated with retardation and heart disease in the embryoM) less severe symptoms than FAS,associated with moderate alcohol intakeN) period during which the embryo is particularly vulnerable to certain teratogensO) middle layer of cells of the embryoP) development from central to outerQ) physician who provides prenatal careR) hormone used to maintain pregnancy that can cause masculinization of the fetusS) third through eighth week after conceptionT) present at birth; resulting from the prenatal environment

Question 2

The nails,hair,teeth,and outer layer of skin develop from the

Accepted Answer

A)   endoderm.
B)   ectoderm.
C)   mesoderm.
D)   neural tube.

Question 3

Without the influence of ___________,all individuals,whether genetically female or male,would develop female external genitalia.

Accepted Answer

A)   androgens
B)   oxytocin
C)   progesterone
D)   prolactin

Question 4

Alcohol would be an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)   fetal stimulant.
B)   hallucinogen.
C)   teratogen.
D)   chemical that cannot cross through the placenta.

Question 5

A Yugoslavian study (2000) examining the effects of lead exposure in children found that the children who lived near the smelter

Accepted Answer

A)   had somewhat lower intelligence scores.
B)   had significantly lower intelligence scores.
C)   had higher rates of aggressive behavior.
D)   had delayed motor development.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE about the fetal brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   It cannot become dependent upon drugs
B)   It has CB-1 receptors that are altered by exposure to marijuana
C)   Exposure to cocaine can cause extreme brain growth
D)   Exposure to aspirin is more toxic to the infant brain than cocaine

Question 7

After a careful review of 16 studies on the effects of caffeine taken during pregnancy,Signorello and McLaughlin concluded that

Accepted Answer

A)   the findings have been very consistent.
B)   it definitely causes miscarriages.
C)   it leads to heavier-than-average birth weights.
D)   each study was flawed and there was no way to compare the results of the studies to one another.

Question 8

Environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus are called

Accepted Answer

A)   toxins.
B)   critical agents.
C)   teratogens.
D)   encephalons.

Question 9

Some studies report no adverse effects of caffeine on the developing fetus.Other studies have found that those who consume large amounts of caffeine are more likely than non-users to

Accepted Answer

A)   also smoke during pregnancy.
B)   have low-birth-weight infants or miscarriages.
C)   have infants with higher rates of mental retardation.
D)   eat poor diets during pregnancy.

Question 10

If a child is born with alcohol-related abnormalities,what do we know?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mother ingested alcohol sometime during the pregnancy
B)   Alcohol can be passed from the mother to the developing child
C)   That the placenta was unable to keep the alcohol from being passed to the child
D)   All of these can be assumed

Question 11

Very high doses of vitamins A and D are good for the developing fetus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Genital herpes
B)   Chlamydia
C)   HIV/AIDS
D)   Pre-eclampsia

Question 13

Why might prenatal exposure to marijuana predispose offspring to dependency on opiates?

Accepted Answer

A)   Because children learn by example
B)   It may make their brains more sensitive to the reinforcing aspects of opiates
C)   It activates opiate receptors,called OP-1 receptors
D)   Marijuana is not addictive and does not cause brain alterations in the mother or fetus

Question 14

Aside from the possibility of being infected with HIV during the birth process,how else might a child become infected by the mother?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is no other way a baby could be infected
B)   Through breast milk
C)   By physical contact with the mother after birth
D)   A fetus can be infected with HIV in utero or during the birth process,but not after the fetus is born

Question 15

Why is Rh incompatibility referred to as "incompatible?"

Accepted Answer

A)   Because the Rh factors of mother and child are the same and need to be different
B)   Because both mother and child develop antibodies that cannot interact
C)   Because the Rh factors of the mother and child are different and need to be the same
D)   Because the fetus is Rh-negative and it should be Rh-positive

Question 16

Although the _________ associated with fetal alcohol syndrome diminish(es) as a child moves into adolescence,the __________ persist(s) .

Accepted Answer

A)   facial deformities; academic and behavioral problems
B)   academic and behavioral problems; facial deformities
C)   facial deformities; addiction to alcohol
D)   addiction to alcohol; hyperactivity

Question 17

Smoking marijuana during pregnancy poses a number of risks to the developing fetus; however,these risks are proportional to the amount of marijuana smoked.That is,there is a __________ between marijuana and fetal risk.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive correlation
B)   negative correlation
C)   no correlation
D)   positive correlation of +1.00

Question 18

Prenatal activity predicts activity level after birth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Denise took the antibiotic Tetracycline during her pregnancy.As a result,her fetus may have

Accepted Answer

A)   missing or stunted limbs.
B)   yellowed teeth and bone abnormalities.
C)   central nervous system damage.
D)   addiction to Tetracycline.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Smoking leads to lower birth weights in babies than drinking alcohol
B)   Drinking alcohol leads to lower birth weights in babies than smoking
C)   Smoking and drinking alcohol leads to lower birth weights than either practice alone
D)   Ingesting large amounts of caffeine leads to the lowest birth weights in babies

Exam 3: Prenatal Development

If a child is born with alcohol-related abnormalities,what do we know?

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Alcohol would be an example of a

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After a careful review of 16 studies on the effects of caffeine taken during pregnancy,Signorello and McLaughlin concluded that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the _________ associated with fetal alcohol syndrome diminish(es) as a child moves into adolescence,the __________ persist(s) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Without the influence of ___________,all individuals,whether genetically female or male,would develop female external genitalia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Yugoslavian study (2000) examining the effects of lead exposure in children found that the children who lived near the smelter

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aside from the possibility of being infected with HIV during the birth process,how else might a child become infected by the mother?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE about the fetal brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nails,hair,teeth,and outer layer of skin develop from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the fetus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

MATCHING Match the following: -Critical period

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Denise took the antibiotic Tetracycline during her pregnancy.As a result,her fetus may have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some studies report no adverse effects of caffeine on the developing fetus.Other studies have found that those who consume large amounts of caffeine are more likely than non-users to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prenatal activity predicts activity level after birth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why might prenatal exposure to marijuana predispose offspring to dependency on opiates?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is Rh incompatibility referred to as "incompatible?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Very high doses of vitamins A and D are good for the developing fetus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Smoking marijuana during pregnancy poses a number of risks to the developing fetus; however,these risks are proportional to the amount of marijuana smoked.That is,there is a __________ between marijuana and fetal risk.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Although the _ associated with fetal alcohol syndrome diminish(es) as a child moves into adolescence,the __ persist(s) .

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