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Exam 4: Sociological Views of Delinquency

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Question 41

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Which broad sociological category of theories considers socialization to be the key determinant of behavior?

A) Social structure
B) Critical
C) Social process
D) Social reaction

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Question 42

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______________ is the process by which a youth who is labeled delinquent and accepts that label as a personal identity.

A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Retrospective reinterpretation
C) Self-stigmatization
D) Self-labeling

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Question 43

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Identify and discuss three concepts that define contemporary social disorganization theory.

According to the code of the streets,young men in poor inner-city neighborhoods build their self-image on the foundation of:

Learning theories assume that children are born good and learn to be bad.

According to Elijah Anderson's research,young men in poor inner-city neighborhoods build their self-image on the foundation of _____________ or having "juice."

Which statement is false regarding fear in socially disorganized neighborhoods?

For most people,membership in the underclass is temporary often lasting a few months.

According to social disorganization theory,all people have the potential to become delinquents,but their bonds to conventional society prevent them from violating the law.

________________________ is the process of passing on deviant traditions and delinquent values from one generation to the next.

Which element of Hirschi's social bond is illustrated by maintaining a positive image in the community,good work history,and high aspirations for future accomplishments?

A ___________________________ is an area undergoing a shift in population and structure,usually from middle-class residential to lower-class mixed use.

_____________________,the source of strain outlined by Robert Agnew,is caused by experiencing child abuse,criminal victimization,school failure,and the presence of drugs and violence in the neighborhood.

What statement is false regarding labeling theory?

According to the concept of _____________________,if a child continually receives negative feedback from parents and teachers,they will interpret these labels as accurate;they become the person others perceive them to be.

When the values of a subculture clash with those of the dominant culture,this is called:

Which theory posits that society creates deviance through a system of social control agencies that designate certain individuals as delinquent,thereby stigmatizing them and encouraging them to accept this negative personal identity?

Residents of cohesive communities develop a sense of ___________________;people know one another,develop interpersonal ties,mutual trust and a willingness to intervene in the supervision of children and help maintain public order.

Robert Agnew's general strain theory holds that strain originates solely with the failure to achieve goals.

Socialization is the process of learning the values and norms of the society or the subculture to which the individual belongs.