Question 1

Which of the following is a self-serving bias?

Accepted Answer

A)   believing we are in control of things beyond our control
B)   a tendency to minimize our strengths
C)   a tendency to exaggerate our weaknesses
D)   a tendency to underestimate ourselves as compared to othersE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

We should always be skeptical of what others tell us.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Memories are always reliable sources of evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is a good research habit?

Accepted Answer

A)   keeping full citation information
B)   presenting quoted material in quotation marks and with an acknowledgment of the source
C)   citing sources for paraphrased material, surveys, graphs, and charts
D)   All of these are good research habits.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is true of evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Evidence has no important role to play in rationally evaluating arguments.
B)   Evidence can only come from one source.
C)   Evidence for a claim provides us with reasons for believing that claim.
D)   Evidence cannot be used to support premises in an argument.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following best describe the phenomenon known as "diffusion of responsibility"?

Accepted Answer

A)   When something bad happens, individuals tend to regard everyone including themselves as equally at fault.
B)   When something bad happens, individuals tend to regard themselves as most at fault.
C)   When something bad happens, individuals tend to think that only they as individuals have any responsibility to provide aid.
D)   When something bad happens, individuals tend to think they have no responsibility.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

The belief that previous events affect the probability of current events is known as self-serving bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Humans are better able to remember outstanding events than to remember mundane events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a common perceptual or cognitive error?

Accepted Answer

A)   probability errors
B)   self-fulfilling prophecy
C)   Schnekler's error
D)   gambler's errorE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Albert Ellis maintains which of the following is the primary source of psychological problems such as depression?

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias
B)   irrational ideas
C)   critical thinking courses
D)   None of these answers is correct.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following is true of expert testimony?

Accepted Answer

A)   An expert with a good reputation is generally more reliable.
B)   Expert testimony is generally unreliable.
C)   Expert testimony is always reliable.
D)   Experts never disagree.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

What conclusion did the U.S.Air Force draw in their Blue Book report?

Accepted Answer

A)   Evidence from alien autopsies confirm that UFOs exist and merit further study.
B)   Since there is no evidence that UFOs exist, we can safely conclude that they do not exist.
C)   Most UFO sightings can be explained without accepting the existence of extraterrestrial beings, but a small number of these sightings have yet to be explained and deserve continuing study.
D)   All UFO sightings can be explained as hoaxes or natural phenomenon such as ball lightening.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following is a habit of a good researcher?

Accepted Answer

A)   refusing to consider evidence that contradicts beliefs already held by others
B)   being able to draw a conclusion after considering all the evidence
C)   only accepting opinions put forth in textbooks
D)   assuming that all experts are equally reliableE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is true of evidence and experience?

Accepted Answer

A)   An experience can be used as evidence if other evidence does not contradict it.
B)   Experience is always credible evidence for a claim regardless of what other evidence is available.
C)   Experience can never be evidence for a claim.
D)   None of these answers is correct.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Immanuel Kant argued for which of the following claims?

Accepted Answer

A)   We can have unmediated knowledge of how the world is, independently of our ways of experiencing it.
B)   Our knowledge comes primarily from sense experience.
C)   We can only have knowledge of the world as we experience it.
D)   Knowledge comes only from reason.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Social pressures can sometimes lead to our making mistakes in reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

We should usually be skeptical of what others tell us.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If there is no evidence for a claim,then we must simply suspend belief (not believe the claim or deny the claim).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A rationalist believes that all knowledge comes from reason alone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Albert Ellis maintains which of the following is the primary source of psychological problems such as depression?

Correct Answer
verified

We should always be skeptical of what others tell us.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true of evidence and experience?

Correct Answer
verified

The belief that previous events affect the probability of current events is known as self-serving bias.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a common perceptual or cognitive error?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a habit of a good researcher?

Correct Answer
verified

A rationalist believes that all knowledge comes from reason alone.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a self-serving bias?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a good research habit?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best describe the phenomenon known as "diffusion of responsibility"?

Correct Answer
verified

What conclusion did the U.S.Air Force draw in their Blue Book report?

Correct Answer
verified

Social pressures can sometimes lead to our making mistakes in reasoning.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true of evidence?

Correct Answer
verified

Immanuel Kant argued for which of the following claims?

Correct Answer
verified

If there is no evidence for a claim,then we must simply suspend belief (not believe the claim or deny the claim).

Correct Answer
verified

We should usually be skeptical of what others tell us.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true of expert testimony?

Correct Answer
verified

Memories are always reliable sources of evidence.

Correct Answer
verified

Humans are better able to remember outstanding events than to remember mundane events.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Albert Ellis maintains which of the following is the primary source of psychological problems such as depression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We should always be skeptical of what others tell us.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of evidence and experience?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The belief that previous events affect the probability of current events is known as self-serving bias.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a common perceptual or cognitive error?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a habit of a good researcher?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A rationalist believes that all knowledge comes from reason alone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a self-serving bias?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a good research habit?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describe the phenomenon known as "diffusion of responsibility"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What conclusion did the U.S.Air Force draw in their Blue Book report?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social pressures can sometimes lead to our making mistakes in reasoning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of evidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Immanuel Kant argued for which of the following claims?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If there is no evidence for a claim,then we must simply suspend belief (not believe the claim or deny the claim).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We should usually be skeptical of what others tell us.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of expert testimony?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Memories are always reliable sources of evidence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans are better able to remember outstanding events than to remember mundane events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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