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Exam 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

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Question 1

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As a child,Maria was an excellent student and completed her homework on time.As an adult,she is a highly organized businesswoman and is able to meet project deadlines.This scenario most likely exemplifies:

A) personality coherence.
B) mean level reliability.
C) rank order stability.
D) mean level stability.

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Question 2

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_____ is usually defined as the individual differences that emerge very early in life,are likely to have a heritable basis,and are often involved with emotionality or arousability.

A) Trait
B) Temperament
C) Personality development
D) Disposition

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Question 3

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During the depression era of the 1930s,women were expected to be _____.

Several studies suggest that the personality characteristics of autonomy,independence,and competence tend to _____,especially among women.

Sensation seeking increases with age from childhood to adolescence and peaks in:

In the context of mean level stability and change in adulthood,studies confirm that mean level personality traits _____ during adulthood.

Personality changes observed in individuals due to the social times in which they live are referred to as _____.

Personality coherence is defined as predictable changes in:

Children who cry when their mothers leave them are highly likely to have many short-lived relationships as adults.This illustrates _____.

In a longitudinal study of middle-aged couples spanning over an 11-year period,Avshalom Caspi and Herbener (1990) found that the people married to spouses who were highly similar to themselves:

When people maintain their relative positions in a group over time,the group displays high:

In a longitudinal study conducted by George Kelly and Conley (1987) ,which of the following aspects of personality proved to be the strongest predictor of marital dissatisfaction and divorce?

Which of the following does NOT predict marital satisfaction?

Which of the following forms of personality development is NOT located at the group differences level of personality analysis?

If the average degree of political orientation changes in a population-for example,if people tend to get increasingly conservative as they get older-then that population is displaying:

In a longitudinal study of women from Mills College in the San Francisco bay area conducted by Helson and Wink (1992) ,the sample of educated women showed a consistent drop in femininity as they moved from their:

Personality differences usually can be first observed in:

According to Turiano et al.(2012) ,low levels of _____ are linked to substance abuse (prescription and illegal drugs) in mid-life.

According to Michael Kernis et al.(1991) ,self-esteem level is related to:

Michael Kernis et al.(1991,1992) have suggested that self-esteem variability is related to the extent to which one's self-view can be influenced by: