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Maintenance rehearsal is defined as:


A) processing the physical features of the stimulus to be remembered.
B) analyzing new material in order to make it memorable.
C) associating new material to be learned with information maintained in long-term memory.
D) repeating some bit of information over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory.

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Infant memories are mostly implicit and,therefore,difficult to bring into conscious awareness.When children become more verbal,their explicit memories become more dominant.

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Long ago,during the early days of television,when a television set was turned off it took a while for the last image that was on the screen to fade away.This phenomenon is most like _______________ memory.


A) iconic
B) echoic
C) short-term
D) eidetic

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A.R.Luria studied a mnemonist with phenomenal memory.This person had several problems associated with the ability.Which problem was identified in your textbook?


A) depression and overwhelming emotion
B) forgetting important autobiographical material due to information overload
C) separating trivial memories from important memories.
D) an obsession with numbers and numerical patterns

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The best place to take your math exam to ensure good retrieval of math concepts is in the:


A) math classroom.
B) auditorium,to prevent cheating.
C) English classroom.
D) special testing room used for all exams.

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Proactive interference pertaining to the study of memory refers to:


A) older information already in memory interfering with the retrieval of newer information.
B) newer information interfering with the retrieval of older information.
C) information that is not attended to and therefore fails to be encoded.
D) information that is not accessed decays from the memory storage system over time.

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Patients with anterograde amnesia were taught to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem.It was later found that they:


A) remembered solving the problem and could do so again.
B) didn't remember the problem and couldn't solve it.
C) remembered solving the problem but couldn't do it again.
D) didn't remember solving the problem but could do it again.

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A display of 12 letters is flashed on a screen in front of you followed by a tone.You attempt to recall a portion of the display based on the specific tone you heard.What aspect of your memory is this experiment designed to assess?


A) iconic memory
B) sensory memory
C) long-term memory
D) short-term memory

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The mnemonic "always first,always last but never in-between" best describes which memory principle or functions?


A) recognition and recall
B) serial position effect
C) curve of forgetting
D) proactive and retroactive interference

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Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her French test,all she can remember is history! Shalissa's memory is suffering from:


A) curve of forgetting patterns.
B) proactive interference.
C) tip of the tongue effect.
D) retroactive interference.

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Stephen Truscott was wrongly convicted for the murdered of a 14-year-old-girl.Truscott's case demonstrates concerns about:


A) the primacy effect and memory retrieval.
B) the recency effect and memory retrieval.
C) the false positive effect in memory retrieval.
D) the memory trace decay effect in memory retrieval.

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Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the:


A) cerebellum.
B) prefrontal lobes of the cortex.
C) hippocampus.
D) limbic system.

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Using the partial report method,Sperling found the capacity of iconic memory to be around:


A) only four or five items (letters) .
B) approximately nine or ten items (letters) .
C) all the items that can be seen at one time (all the letters) .
D) only one to two items (letters) .

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Which type of memory allows us to have meaningful conversations?


A) iconic memory
B) echoic memory
C) short-term memory
D) long-term memory

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A witness on the stand swears that he saw someone commit a crime.Must you believe that the testimony is valid when a witness testifies so forcefully?


A) Yes,because iconic memory is very reliable.
B) No,because iconic memory is not reliable.
C) Yes because eyewitness testimony relies on LTM,which is rehearsed and reliable.
D) No,because eyewitness testimony may be influenced by other factors resulting in false positive identifications.

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An example of a testing format that uses memory recognition is:


A) essay.
B) short answer.
C) matching.
D) fill in the blanks.

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Janie is taking an exam in her history class.On the exam there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War (whatever that was!) .Janie remembers four of them.She knows there is a fifth and can almost remember it; she knows that it is something like Texas.Janie is walking down the stairs,when all of a sudden,she remembers that the fifth point is taxes,but it is too late.Janie was suffering from:


A) encoding problems.
B) misinformation effect.
C) tip-of-the-tongue effects.
D) memory trace decay.

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Memories for general facts and personal information are called _________ memories.


A) eidetic
B) procedural
C) declarative
D) implicit

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As memories get older,they are most likely to:


A) disappear from memory altogether
B) become stronger,more accurate,and more vivid.
C) be regarded as unreliable by the person using them.
D) become changed or altered in some fashion.

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Studies have found that the best way to overcome the tip-of-the-tongue effect to:


A) try even harder to remember the items.
B) take a nap or sleep on it.
C) forget about it and let the item come to you.
D) engage in mental charades,"small word,sounds like," etc.

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