Question 1

Selective toxicity of an antimicrobial drug refers to its ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  kill Gram-positive bacteria but not Gram-negatives.
B)  kill or inhibit microorganisms without harming host cells.
C)  inhibit the action of toxins produced by bacteria.
D)  affect pathogens but not the normal microbiota.
E)  selectively treat certain diseases.

Question 2

Resistance to antibacterial drugs occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  because the normal microbiota are destroyed by the antibacterial drugs.
B)  when antibacterials are prescribed indiscriminately.
C)  because some people refuse to take the drugs.
D)  when synthetic drugs are used rather than naturally occurring ones.
E)  because people do not take these drugs when needed.

Question 3

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor,such as zidovudine,is used to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  any viral infection.
B)  human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
C)  most protozoal infections.
D)  some fungal infections.
E)  any systemic infection.

Question 4

Empirical treatment means that

Accepted Answer

A)  a 'best guess' for treatment is made based on a patient's signs and symptoms.
B)  no treatment is started until the laboratory results are known.
C)  only topical drugs can be used.
D)  several drugs are used at the same time.
E)  a standard treatment is applied regardless of a patient's age or symptoms.

Question 5

Which of the following is an anti-malarial drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroquine.
B)  mefloquine.
C)  artemisinin.
D)  doxycycline.
E)  all of the above.

Question 6

Synergism is

Accepted Answer

A)  the increase in effect obtained by using two or more drugs together.
B)  interference between two drugs.
C)  the development of resistance when two or more drugs are used at the same time.
D)  inhibition of development of resistance.
E)  transfer of resistance from one bacterium to another.

Question 7

Carbapenems

Accepted Answer

A)  are synthetic antimicrobial drugs.
B)  are infrequently used because of their toxicity.
C)  inhibit protein synthesis.
D)  are resistant to all beta-lactamases.
E)  have a narrow spectrum of activity.

Question 8

Cephalosporins

Accepted Answer

A)  are synthetic antimicrobial drugs.
B)  are infrequently used because of their toxicity.
C)  inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis.
D)  only affect Gram-positive organisms.
E)  are antifungal drugs.

Question 9

Aminoglycosides are not usually prescribed for patients

Accepted Answer

A)  who have impaired kidney function.
B)  who suffer from asthma or hay fever.
C)  who are immunodeficient.
D)  with high blood pressure.
E)  who have pneumonia.

Question 10

A possible side effect of penicillin therapy is

Accepted Answer

A)  neurological disturbance.
B)  discolouration of the teeth.
C)  renal impairment.
D)  anaphylactic shock.
E)  all of the above.

Question 11

Chloramphenicol is an antibacterial compound which

Accepted Answer

A)  is mainly used in topical eye applications.
B)  has a narrow spectrum of activity.
C)  is bactericidal and affects protein synthesis.
D)  causes suppression of white blood cell synthesis.
E)  all of the above.

Question 12

The basis for the selective toxicity of tetracyclines is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are bacteriostatic.
B)  bind strongly to bacterial ribosomes.
C)  interfere with cell wall synthesis.
D)  can be taken orally.
E)  do not induce resistance.

Question 13

Combination therapy is used for treating HIV infection

Accepted Answer

A)  because it is a life-threatening disease.
B)  because multiple viruses are involved.
C)  to prevent development of resistance to each drug.
D)  because it is not known which drug will be most effective.
E)  all of the above. C

Question 14

An antimicrobial drug that has a broad spectrum of activity

Accepted Answer

A)  affects bacteria and viruses.
B)  is active against a number of different bacteria.
C)  affects all kinds of microorganisms including protozoa.
D)  is bactericidal and bacteriostatic.
E)  all of the above.

Question 15

The use of a drug to prevent an infection is called

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic chemotherapy.
B)  deliberate chemotherapy.
C)  preparative chemotherapy.
D)  prophylactic chemotherapy.
E)  none of the above because antimicrobials are only used to treat infections.

Question 16

Which genus of bacteria is a major source of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium.
B)  Streptomyces.
C)  Staphylococcus.
D)  Saccharomyces.
E)  Nocardia.

Question 17

Prescription of an antimicrobial drug for a patient without knowing the cause of infection is

Accepted Answer

A)  an inappropriate use of a drug.
B)  unlikely to effectively treat the infection.
C)  likely to cause severe side effects.
D)  called empirical therapy.
E)  all of the above. D

Question 18

The reason why some antimicrobial drugs have a wider spectrum of activity than others is

Accepted Answer

A)  related to the mechanism of action of the drug.
B)  dependent on the ability of the drug to reach the site of the infection.
C)  because some drugs target numerous metabolic pathways.
D)  dependent on whether the drug is bactericidal or bacteriostatic.
E)  all of the above. A

Question 19

The most effective drugs against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the ones that

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit the transcription of DNA to RNA.
B)  inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
C)  inhibit the enzyme thymidine kinase.
D)  affect the assembly of new viral particles.
E)  prevent binding of the virus to T cells.

Question 20

The generic name for a drug is

Accepted Answer

A)  the name given by the first company to market it.
B)  the chemical name of the active compound.
C)  the name of the person who discovered the drug.
D)  a name that reflects how it affects microorganisms.
E)  the name of the genus of bacteria which it affects.

Exam 12: Antimicrobial Therapy

Selective toxicity of an antimicrobial drug refers to its ability to

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Resistance to antibacterial drugs occurs

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A reverse transcriptase inhibitor,such as zidovudine,is used to treat

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Empirical treatment means that

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Which of the following is an anti-malarial drug?

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Synergism is

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Carbapenems

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Cephalosporins

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Aminoglycosides are not usually prescribed for patients

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A possible side effect of penicillin therapy is

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Chloramphenicol is an antibacterial compound which

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The basis for the selective toxicity of tetracyclines is that they

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Combination therapy is used for treating HIV infection

Correct AnswerverifiedC

An antimicrobial drug that has a broad spectrum of activity

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The use of a drug to prevent an infection is called

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Which genus of bacteria is a major source of antibiotics?

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Prescription of an antimicrobial drug for a patient without knowing the cause of infection is

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The reason why some antimicrobial drugs have a wider spectrum of activity than others is

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The most effective drugs against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the ones that

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The generic name for a drug is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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