Question 1

How does the chemotactic factor affect the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  By causing vasodilation around the inflamed area
B)  By stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area
C)  By directing leukocytes to the inflamed area
D)  By producing edema around the inflamed area

Question 2

In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes
B)  Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation
C)  Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation
D)  Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasites

Question 3

Which chemical mediators induce pain during an inflammatory response? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostaglandins
B)  Leukotrienes
C)  Tryptase
D)  Phospholipase
E)  Bradykinin

Question 4

What does the phagosome step result in during the process of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microorganisms are ingested.
B)  Microorganisms are killed and digested.
C)  Phagocytes recognize and adhere to bacteria.
D)  An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed.

Question 5

What is the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade?

Accepted Answer

A)  To tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages
B)  To process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity
C)  To destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms
D)  To promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation

Question 6

What do the main functions of NK cells include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Recognizing virus-infected cells
B)  Eliminating virus-infected cells
C)  Recognizing bacteria-infected cells
D)  Eliminating bacteria-infected cells
E)  Eliminating previously identified cancer cells

Question 7

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonfunctioning scar tissue replaces destroyed tissue.
B)  Regeneration occurs; the original tissue is replaced.
C)  Resolution occurs; tissue is regenerated.
D)  Epithelialization replaces destroyed tissue.

Question 8

What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Platelet adhesion
B)  Initiation of the clotting cascade
C)  Vasodilation
D)  Increased endothelial adhesiveness

Question 9

What is a role of a natural killer (NK)  cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Initiation of the complement cascade
B)  Elimination of malignant cells
C)  Binding tightly to antigens
D)  Proliferation after immunization with antigen

Question 10

Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  To provide specific responses toward antigens
B)  To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
C)  To prevent infection of the injured tissue
D)  To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury

Question 11

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemokines
B)  Prostaglandin E
C)  Platelet-activating factor
D)  Bradykinin

Question 12

What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain
B)  Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation
C)  Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever
D)  Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation

Question 13

A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best?

Accepted Answer

A)  Help the student gather the rest of the supplies.
B)  Instruct the student to dilute the hydrogen peroxide.
C)  Tell the student to get some normal saline instead.
D)  Ask the patient if pain medication is needed first.

Question 14

Fusion is the step of phagocytosis during which what happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microorganisms are killed and digested.
B)  An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed.
C)  Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte.
D)  Microorganisms are ingested.

Question 15

Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eosinophil
B)  Neutrophils
C)  T lymphocytes
D)  B lymphocytes

Question 16

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications, what is the process of returning the cells to preinjury function referred to as?

Accepted Answer

A)  Restoration
B)  Resolution
C)  Regrowth
D)  Replacement

Question 17

In the coagulation (clotting)  cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  XII
B)  VII
C)  X
D)  V

Question 18

An older adult is particularly susceptible to infections of which body parts? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Lungs
B)  Skin
C)  Liver
D)  Eyes
E)  Bladder

Question 19

A keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healing response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epithelialization
B)  Contraction
C)  Collagen matrix assembly
D)  Maturation

Question 20

Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
B)  Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
C)  Underlying chronic illness(es)  exists.
D)  Number of mast cells is insufficient.

Exam 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications, what is the process of returning the cells to preinjury function referred to as?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healing response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the phagosome step result in during the process of endocytosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An older adult is particularly susceptible to infections of which body parts? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the chemotactic factor affect the inflammatory process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chemical mediators induce pain during an inflammatory response? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fusion is the step of phagocytosis during which what happens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do the main functions of NK cells include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified