A) the consumption of oil in the United States doubled.
B) U.S.automobiles were no more fuel efficient than before.
C) world oil production exceeded consumption and prices fell sharply.
D) world oil prices skyrocketed.
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A) The event affected only the deep water marine life.
B) The cleanup of the spill was relatively fast because the blowout was near the surface.
C) Much of the spill was broken down by bacteria or evaporated from the water's surface.
D) This was the first large-scale spill of crude oil into marine ecosystems.
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A) nuclear power.
B) geothermal.
C) wind energy.
D) solar energy.
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A) an all-electric car using electricity from a windmill or solar photocells.
B) an all-electric car using electricity from any power supply.
C) a hydrogen fuel cell using hydrogen produced by a nuclear power plant.
D) a hybrid electric car that generates electricity when slowing down.
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A) regulations on the use of coal in power plants were lifted,increasing the demand for coal.
B) large regions of national forest were reclassified as national reserves,permitting coal mining.
C) the mountain top debris was reclassified from waste to fill,allowing it to be dumped into valleys.
D) laws changed,permitting the relocation of people and homes in the surrounding regions.
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A) the market price of the energy involved.
B) the environmental damage likely to be caused by the extraction process.
C) the ratio of energy extracted to energy invested in the extraction process.
D) the amount of heat produced by using a unit of the energy in question.
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A) P70 for a 100 million barrel field.
B) P95 for a 90 million barrel field.
C) P40 for a 200 million barrel field.
D) P10 for a 150 million barrel field.
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A) smokestacks from a coal-fired power plant.
B) special wind turbines that capture swirling wind to produce electricity.
C) towers used to cool water heated by a coal-fired power plant.
D) combustion chambers used to burn natural gas to generate electricity.
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A) residential.
B) commercial.
C) industrial.
D) transportation.
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A) is more efficient than transmitting electricity over long distances.
B) is less efficient than at a distance,because the wind draws heat away from the home.
C) increases the energy lost,according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
D) depends upon a hydroturbogenerator spinning a magnetic field within copper wire.
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A) Saudi Arabia.
B) Afghanistan and Iraq.
C) the Western Hemisphere,especially Canada.
D) China.
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A) primarily depends upon the current market price of oil.
B) is usually more cost effective than recovering oil using secondary recovery.
C) has not yet been used because oil reserves remain abundant.
D) is now routine,as every bit of oil is extracted from all available wells.
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A) were widely used until the 1970s,when jet fuel prices made other engines more efficient.
B) are impractical because of the low power-to-weight advantage.
C) were used for commercial air travel but were discontinued because of safety regulations.
D) are under development and are expected to be the next phase of jet technology.
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A) discourage continued exploration for fossil fuels.
B) discourage the construction of new nuclear power plants.
C) keep CAFE mileage standards for motor vehicles the same.
D) encourage efficiency in lights,appliances,and buildings.
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A) more jobs for U.S.citizens.
B) an increase in the balance-of-payment deficit.
C) another U.S.economic recession.
D) more oil would need to be pumped from offshore oil wells.
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A) their formation is so slow.
B) they release carbon dioxide when they are burned.
C) people are cutting down too many forests to allow trees to turn into coal.
D) carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are too low to allow fossil fuels to form.
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A) natural gas.
B) coal.
C) wood.
D) oil.
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A) has been initiated on a large scale in the United States and will soon surpass Canada's production.
B) involves removing and refining waxy hydrocarbons called kerogen.
C) in the United States will take place mostly in northeast states as well as in Georgia and Florida.
D) in the United States has been studied by the EPA and found not to endanger ground water supplies.
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A) widely used in U.S.power plants that burn coal.
B) not possible with available technology.
C) costly and experimental,but promising.
D) less important than technologies to reduce carbon dioxide pollution.
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A) by relying on the natural pressure of the system.
B) by simply pumping it out of the ground.
C) only after using secondary or enhanced procedures that first generate pressure.
D) by pumping freshwater into the ground and making the oil float to the top.
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