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Fred has wanted to be a chef since he was a little kid,and he used to bake cookies with his mother.The behavioral view expert would say that Fred is motivated to be a chef because


A) he has a positive cooking self-concept.
B) he places great value on his cooking ability.
C) of his early childhood reinforcement history.
D) of his need for self-actualization.

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Students who are mastery-oriented will tend to hold what view of their ability?


A) Entity and stable
B) Entity and improvable
C) Incremental and improvable
D) Incremental and stable

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In general,performance is low when the level of anxiety is high.

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High concern with how one looks to others is characteristic of people with ________ goals.

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What is meant by the term "bounded choice" and how does it influence student learning?

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Bounded choices mean we give students a ...

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The type of learning goal that a person will be most motivated to reach is one that is


A) general in nature and moderately difficult.
B) general in nature and very difficult.
C) specific and moderately difficult.
D) specific and very difficult.

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A student's reason for acting is called


A) extrinsic motivation.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) locus of causality.
D) self-determined.

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From the pioneering work of Yerkes and Dodson (1905) to present-day research results,what is the correlation between virtually every aspect of achievement and a wide variety of anxiety measures?


A) Moderately positive
B) Negative
C) Positive
D) Zero

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Young children are more likely to hold an entity view than an incremental view of ability.

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Discuss the implications of attribution theory for school achievement in reference to the specific cases in which success or failure is primarily attributed to (a)ability, (b)effort, (c)task difficulty,and (d)luck.

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Attribution theories describe how indivi...

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Cindy faces every classroom situation in exactly the same way: she develops sweaty palms and a rapid heart beat.Cindy is likely to be helped most by


A) focusing on her feelings.
B) frequent testing.
C) highly-structured lessons.
D) limiting controlling messages.

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In addition to having specific attainable goals,task focus,and supportive social relationships,effective goal-setting in the classroom requires feedback and goal acceptance.

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Good teachers explicitly state how the information to be learned will benefit their students in the future career or for life outside of work and school.Thus,good teachers regularly remind their students of the ______________ of what they are to learn.


A) constructivism
B) external attribution
C) intrinsic efficacy
D) instrumental value

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In Maslow's hierarchy,the survival,safety,belonging,and self-esteem needs comprise the general category called ________ needs.

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According to the expectancy x value theory,motivation increases as expectancy of success and the value of rewards increase.

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The natural tendency to engage in certain types of activities is called ________ motivation.

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Dennis often cons his best friends into letting him use one of their papers from last semester for his assignment in psychology this semester.In terms of goals,what type of learner does Dennis appear to be?


A) Ego-involved
B) Self-directed
C) Task-involved
D) Work-avoidant

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The cognitive approach to motivation is illustrated best by people who respond to


A) events to which they choose to pay attention.
B) events that have been rewarding in the past.
C) the objective worth or value of events.
D) their perceptions of events,not the events themselves.

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Pat believes that the reason for her success in reading is the effort she puts into it.Pat is reflecting what type of locus of control?


A) External
B) Internal
C) Stable
D) Transitional

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Which one of the following quotes exemplifies a learning or mastery goal?


A) "Accomplishing this should make me better prepared for Biology 101."
B) "If I master this material,I can have some free time."
C) "I'm going to go for the third assignment option,so that I can receive an A."
D) "Jason will be impressed if I can learn this laboratory procedure."

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