Question 1

A misguided athlete ingests a large amount of dietary K+ because she thinks it will boost muscle performance.Instead,the majority of this extra K+ is secreted into filtrate and excreted in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If damage to the glomerular capillaries resulted in significantly enlarged filtration slits in the endothelial lining,one consequence might be loss of protein in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

People taking diuretics that do not spare K⁺ should increase their ingestion of Na⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which is NOT a transport mechanism typically seen in renal tubular epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cotransport proteins in the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule that move Na⁺ and glucose from the proximal tubule into epithelial cells
B)  Transport proteins that move glucose by facilitated diffusion from inside of proximal tubule cells into the renal interstitial fluid
C)  Ion channels that allow Na⁺ to move by diffusion from the lumen of the proximal tubule into epithelial cells
D)  Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase pumps in the luminal membrane of proximal tubule epithelial cells that move Na⁺ from inside the cell into the tubule and K⁺ from the tubule lumen into the cell 
E)  Countertransport proteins that move Na⁺ into proximal tubule epithelial cells while moving H⁺ from the cells into the lumen

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding renal handling of Na⁺ is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the proximal tubule,Na⁺ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of the tubular epithelial cells.
B)  Atrial natriuretic factor increases Na⁺ reabsorption.
C)  In the absence of aldosterone,Na⁺ will be secreted by the cortical collecting ducts.
D)  Na⁺ is actively reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
E)  Without vasopressin,the collecting duct is impermeable to Na⁺.

Question 6

A patient receives an IV (intravenous)infusion of a concentrated,9% saline solution (0.9% is considered isosmotic).Even if there was no change to the volume of blood or water in the body,this patient is likely to experience extreme thirst following the infusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A person on a high-protein diet will have high levels of protein in their urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Jerome has had too many alcoholic drinks at a party.One of the effects of alcohol is that it inhibits the release of vasopressin.Which of the following is Jerome likely to notice?

Accepted Answer

A)  A reduction in urine volume
B)  The excretion of glucose in the urine increased
C)  High volume of dilute urine
D)  Very concentrated urine
E)  An increase in blood pressure

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe kidney function?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume.
B)  They produce urine of a constant composition at all times,in order to maintain homeostasis of extracellular fluid.
C)  They excrete metabolic waste products.
D)  They assist in maintaining proper acid-base balance in the body.
E)  They secrete hormones.

Question 10

In the proximal convoluted tubule the reabsorption of Na⁺ is unaffected by the presence or absence of other substances such as glucose or H⁺ in the filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

You are designing a urinalysis test to be used in doctors' offices.You want the test to be able to indicate a variety of problems with kidney function,but you want the test to be as simple and inexpensive as possible.Testing for the presence of which of the following in the urine would indicate a potential problem with kidney function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein
B)  H⁺
C)  K⁺
D)  Na⁺
E)  Glucose

Question 12

Most of the H⁺ excreted in the urine is bound to bicarbonate ion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The walls of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle are freely permeable to water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following most accurately describes the renal transport of Na⁺?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na⁺ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
B)  Primary active transport of Na⁺ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H⁺ in the proximal tubule.
C)  Most of the Na⁺ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
D)  Na⁺ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts.
E)  Na⁺ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K⁺,by Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pumps.

Question 15

Following an intense workout your clothes are drenched in sweat.You estimate you lost at least 0.5 L of sweat.Your (similarly sized) friend skipped her workout to donate blood and you found out she donated 0.5 L of plasma.After these activities,which of you will have a greater increase in vasopressin secretion and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  You will have a greater vasopressin secretion because sweat is hyperosmotic to plasma.
B)  You will have a greater vasopressin secretion because sweat is hypoosmotic to plasma.
C)  Your friend will have a greater vasopressin secretion because sweat is hypoosmotic to plasma.
D)  Your friend will have a greater vasopressin secretion because sweat is isosmotic to plasma.
E)  Your friend will have a greater vasopressin secretion because sweat is hyperosmotic to plasma.

Question 16

The anatomic arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons in the kidneys is such that the glomerulus,proximal tubule,and distal convoluted tubule are in the renal cortex,while the loop of Henle and collecting ducts lie mainly in the renal medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Water,sodium,and glucose all undergo tubular reabsorption,but urea does not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A stimulus for increased aldosterone secretion is increased plasma levels of K⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In a person with respiratory acidosis,HCO₃⁻ is actively secreted into the urine by the tubular cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Stimuli that cause increased Na⁺ reabsorption decrease K⁺ secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

In a person with respiratory acidosis,HCO₃⁻ is actively secreted into the urine by the tubular cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Most of the H⁺ excreted in the urine is bound to bicarbonate ion.

Correct Answer
verified

Which is NOT a transport mechanism typically seen in renal tubular epithelial cells?

Correct Answer
verified

A patient receives an IV (intravenous)infusion of a concentrated,9% saline solution (0.9% is considered isosmotic).Even if there was no change to the volume of blood or water in the body,this patient is likely to experience extreme thirst following the infusion.

Correct Answer
verified

The anatomic arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons in the kidneys is such that the glomerulus,proximal tubule,and distal convoluted tubule are in the renal cortex,while the loop of Henle and collecting ducts lie mainly in the renal medulla.

Correct Answer
verified

If damage to the glomerular capillaries resulted in significantly enlarged filtration slits in the endothelial lining,one consequence might be loss of protein in the urine.

Correct Answer
verified

A stimulus for increased aldosterone secretion is increased plasma levels of K⁺.

Correct Answer
verified

Water,sodium,and glucose all undergo tubular reabsorption,but urea does not.

Correct Answer
verified

In the proximal convoluted tubule the reabsorption of Na⁺ is unaffected by the presence or absence of other substances such as glucose or H⁺ in the filtrate.

Correct Answer
verified

The walls of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle are freely permeable to water.

Correct Answer
verified

Jerome has had too many alcoholic drinks at a party.One of the effects of alcohol is that it inhibits the release of vasopressin.Which of the following is Jerome likely to notice?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following most accurately describes the renal transport of Na⁺?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A person on a high-protein diet will have high levels of protein in their urine.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe kidney function?

Correct Answer
verified

A misguided athlete ingests a large amount of dietary K+ because she thinks it will boost muscle performance.Instead,the majority of this extra K+ is secreted into filtrate and excreted in the urine.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding renal handling of Na⁺ is correct?

Correct Answer
verified

People taking diuretics that do not spare K⁺ should increase their ingestion of Na⁺.

Correct Answer
verified

Stimuli that cause increased Na⁺ reabsorption decrease K⁺ secretion.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

In a person with respiratory acidosis,HCO₃⁻ is actively secreted into the urine by the tubular cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the H⁺ excreted in the urine is bound to bicarbonate ion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT a transport mechanism typically seen in renal tubular epithelial cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient receives an IV (intravenous)infusion of a concentrated,9% saline solution (0.9% is considered isosmotic).Even if there was no change to the volume of blood or water in the body,this patient is likely to experience extreme thirst following the infusion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anatomic arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons in the kidneys is such that the glomerulus,proximal tubule,and distal convoluted tubule are in the renal cortex,while the loop of Henle and collecting ducts lie mainly in the renal medulla.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If damage to the glomerular capillaries resulted in significantly enlarged filtration slits in the endothelial lining,one consequence might be loss of protein in the urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stimulus for increased aldosterone secretion is increased plasma levels of K⁺.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water,sodium,and glucose all undergo tubular reabsorption,but urea does not.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the proximal convoluted tubule the reabsorption of Na⁺ is unaffected by the presence or absence of other substances such as glucose or H⁺ in the filtrate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The walls of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle are freely permeable to water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerome has had too many alcoholic drinks at a party.One of the effects of alcohol is that it inhibits the release of vasopressin.Which of the following is Jerome likely to notice?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following most accurately describes the renal transport of Na⁺?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person on a high-protein diet will have high levels of protein in their urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe kidney function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A misguided athlete ingests a large amount of dietary K+ because she thinks it will boost muscle performance.Instead,the majority of this extra K+ is secreted into filtrate and excreted in the urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding renal handling of Na⁺ is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People taking diuretics that do not spare K⁺ should increase their ingestion of Na⁺.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stimuli that cause increased Na⁺ reabsorption decrease K⁺ secretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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