Question 1

Which is TRUE about the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires very few ions to be distributed unevenly.
B)  It has the same value in all cells.
C)  It is oriented so that the cell's interior is positive with respect to the extracellular fluid.
D)  Only nerve and muscle cells have a potential difference across the membrane at rest.
E)  It is not altered by changing concentration gradients of permeating ions.

Question 2

Excessive alcohol intake can cause difficulty maintaining posture and coordinating body movements.This is likely due to alcohol's effect stimulatory effect on GABA-releasing neurons in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum.
B)  diencephalon.
C)  medulla oblongata.
D)  eyes.
E)  cerebrum.

Question 3

The central nervous system includes the

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent nerves and spinal cord.
B)  efferent nerves and spinal cord.
C)  autonomic nervous system and the brain.
D)  brain stem and the autonomic nervous system.
E)  brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

Two neighboring neurons are at rest.  Neuron A has a resting membrane potential of -80mV,Neuron B has a resting membrane potential of -70mV. Which is likely to be TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neuron A has more K⁺ channels open than Neuron B.
B)  Neuron B has more K⁺ channels open than Neuron A.
C)  Neuron A has more Na⁺ channels open than Neuron B.
D)  Neuron B has more Na⁺ channels open than Neuron A.
E)  None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 5

Which is FALSE about interneurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  They receive synaptic input from other neurons in the CNS.
B)  They sum excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs.
C)  They deliver synaptic input on other neurons. 
D)  They make synapses on effector organs in the PNS.
E)  They can transmit information between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.

Question 6

Visual signals travel on myelinated axons.While most pain signals travel on unmyelinated axons.  If you get a paper cut,will you see the cut happen or feel the pain first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both sensations will occur at the same time.
B)  You will feel the pain sensation before the visual sensation.
C)  You will experience the visual sensation before the pain sensation.
D)  It depends on the magnitude of the pain sensation,it may reach the brain first or second.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE about the concentration gradient of Na⁺ in a neuron at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  It favors its movement into the cell at the resting membrane potential.
B)  It favors its movement out of the cell at the resting membrane potential.
C)  It is equal and opposite to the electrical potential acting on Na⁺ at the resting membrane potential.
D)  It is in the same direction as the diffusion potential due to the concentration gradient for K⁺.
E)  It favors movement of Na⁺ in the opposite direction as the electrical potential acting on Na⁺ at the resting membrane potential.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the refractory period of a membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The absolute refractory period refers to the period of time during which another action potential cannot be initiated in that part of the membrane that is undergoing an action potential,no matter how great the strength of the stimulus.
B)  The relative refractory period refers to the period of time during which another action potential can be initiated in that part of the membrane that has just undergone an action potential if a stronger than normal stimulus is applied.
C)  The refractory period prevents the action potential from spreading back over the part of the membrane that just underwent an action potential.
D)  The refractory period places an upper limit on the frequency with which a nerve cell can conduct action potentials.
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 9

The fire alarm in your building is sounding off and you are hurriedly collecting your belongings before evacuating.  Which portion of the nervous system is dominant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent nervous system
B)  Sympathetic nervous system
C)  Parasympathetic nervous system
D)  Somatic motor nervous system
E)  Autonomic nervous system

Question 10

Which is NOT an example of a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  A receptor potential in a sensory receptor cell
B)  A depolarizing excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 
C)  A hyperpolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) 
D)  A depolarizing pacemaker potential
E)  A depolarizing action potential

Question 11

A presynaptic (axo-axonal) synapse

Accepted Answer

A)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and a dendrite that can be either excitatory or inhibitory.
B)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and another axon's terminal that can be either excitatory or inhibitory.
C)  is any synapse onto a cell body,and they can be either stimulatory or inhibitory.
D)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and a dendrite of the same cell,which is always inhibitory.
E)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and another axon's terminal that is always inhibitory.

Question 12

In clinical trials,scientists discover that use of drug X results in a decrease in norepinephrine signaling.In the process of making a list of possible mechanisms of this drug to test,which of the following is NOT a plausible explanation for the effects of drug X?

Accepted Answer

A)  X inhibits synthesis of norepinephrine at the axon terminal.
B)  X inhibits norepinephrine release from the terminal.
C)  X blocks reuptake of norepinephrine by the terminal.
D)  X is an adrenergic receptor antagonist.
E)  X stimulates the catabolism of norepinephrine.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding action potentials generated in a neuronal membrane is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Action potentials travel in both directions along the axon.
B)  An action potential generates a new action potential in an adjacent area of membrane.
C)  An action potential generates a local current that depolarizes adjacent membrane to threshold potential.
D)  Action potentials are usually initiated at the axon hillock of a neuron.
E)  An action potential generated by a threshold stimulus is the same size as one generated by a supra-threshold stimulus.

Question 14

The relative refractory period of an excitable membrane refers to the period of time during which no stimulus,however strong,will elicit a second action potential in the membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following statements about norepinephrine is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter.
B)  Norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors.
C)  Norepinephrine is a catecholamine. 
D)  Dopamine is a precursor to norepinephrine.
E)  Epinephrine is a precursor to norepinephrine.

Question 16

Neuron X makes inhibitory axon-axonal synaptic contact with neuron Y at the synapse of Y and neuron Z.Which will occur when action potentials are stimulated in neuron X?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neuron Y will be inhibited from reaching the threshold to fire an action potential.
B)  The release of neurotransmitter by neuron Y will be inhibited.
C)  The synapse between neurons Y and Z will be changed from an excitatory synapse to an inhibitory one.
D)  Neurons Y and Z will both be more likely to reach threshold and fire an action potential.
E)  Neurons Y and Z will both be less likely to reach threshold and fire an action potential.

Question 17

SNARE receptor protein complexes in presynaptic neurons function as inhibitors of calcium transport to dampen or reduce the amount of neurotransmitter vesicles that participate in exocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which is TRUE about neuronal membrane electrical and concentration gradients at the peak of the action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  The electrical gradient is in a direction that would tend to move K⁺ out of the cell.
B)  The concentration gradient for K⁺ is in a direction that would tend to move it into the cell.
C)  The concentration gradient for K⁺ greatly increases compared to at rest.
D)  The concentration gradient for Na⁺ is in a direction that would tend to move it out of the cell.
E)  The electrical gradient for Na⁺ is in a direction that would tend to move it into the cell.

Question 19

The cerebrum consists only of gray matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to the equilibrium potential for potassium.
B)  equal to the equilibrium potential for sodium.
C)  slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion.
D)  more positive than the equilibrium potential for potassium.
E)  more positive than the equilibrium potential for sodium.

Exam 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Which of the following is TRUE about the concentration gradient of Na⁺ in a neuron at rest?

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Which is TRUE about neuronal membrane electrical and concentration gradients at the peak of the action potential?

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Excessive alcohol intake can cause difficulty maintaining posture and coordinating body movements.This is likely due to alcohol's effect stimulatory effect on GABA-releasing neurons in the

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Which is FALSE about interneurons?

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The central nervous system includes the

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Which of the following statements about the refractory period of a membrane is TRUE?

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Which is NOT an example of a graded potential?

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In clinical trials,scientists discover that use of drug X results in a decrease in norepinephrine signaling.In the process of making a list of possible mechanisms of this drug to test,which of the following is NOT a plausible explanation for the effects of drug X?

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Which is TRUE about the resting membrane potential?

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A presynaptic (axo-axonal) synapse

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Visual signals travel on myelinated axons.While most pain signals travel on unmyelinated axons. If you get a paper cut,will you see the cut happen or feel the pain first?

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Which of the following statements about norepinephrine is FALSE?

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The cerebrum consists only of gray matter.

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Which of the following statements regarding action potentials generated in a neuronal membrane is FALSE?

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Neuron X makes inhibitory axon-axonal synaptic contact with neuron Y at the synapse of Y and neuron Z.Which will occur when action potentials are stimulated in neuron X?

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Two neighboring neurons are at rest. Neuron A has a resting membrane potential of -80mV,Neuron B has a resting membrane potential of -70mV. Which is likely to be TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

SNARE receptor protein complexes in presynaptic neurons function as inhibitors of calcium transport to dampen or reduce the amount of neurotransmitter vesicles that participate in exocytosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relative refractory period of an excitable membrane refers to the period of time during which no stimulus,however strong,will elicit a second action potential in the membrane.

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The fire alarm in your building is sounding off and you are hurriedly collecting your belongings before evacuating. Which portion of the nervous system is dominant?

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