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Exam 8: Cryptography

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Question 21

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The process of hiding messages within the digital encoding of a picture or graphic is called ____________________.

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Question 22

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Attackers may conduct an encrypted-plaintext attack by sending potential victims a specific text that they are sure the victims will forward on to others.

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Question 23

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An X.509 v3 certificate binds a ____,which uniquely identifies a certificate entity,to a user's public key.

Secure Electronic Transactions was developed by MasterCard and VISA in 1997 to protect against electronic payment fraud.

____ was developed by Phil Zimmermann and uses the IDEA Cipher for message encoding.

An attacker may obtain duplicate texts,one in ciphertext and one in plaintext,and thus reverse-engineer the encryption algorithm in a known-plaintext attack scheme._________________________

Popular cryptosystems use a hybrid combination of symmetric and asymmetric algorithms.

____________________ or cryptosystem is an encryption method or process encompassing the algorithm,key(s)or cryptovariable(s),and procedures used to perform encryption and decryption.

The asymmetric encryption systems use a single key to both encrypt and decrypt a message.

The number of horizontal and vertical pixels captured and recorded is known as the image's depth._________________________

Hashing functions require the use of keys.

The most common hybrid system is based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange,which is a method for exchanging private keys using public key encryption.

Bit stream methods commonly use algorithm functions like the exclusive OR operation (____) .

PGP uses the freeware ZIP algorithm to compress the message after it has been digitally signed but before it is encrypted._________________________

Describe digital certificates.

Digital signatures should be created using processes and products that are based on the ____.

One encryption method made popular by spy movies involves using the text in a book as the key to decrypt a message.

A(n)registration authority issues,manages,authenticates,signs,and revokes users' digital certificates,which typically contain the user name,public key,and other identifying information._________________________

____ are encrypted messages that can be mathematically proven to be authentic.

To perform the Caesar cipher encryption operation,the pad values are added to numeric values that represent the plaintext that needs to be encrypted.