Question 1

If a membrane potential changes from -70mV to -75mV,

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperpolarization has occurred.
B)   depolarization has occurred.
C)   an action potential has been triggered.
D)   saltatory conduction has occurred.

Question 2

Which type of glia is responsible for forming myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   astrocytes
B)   oligodendrocytes
C)   Schwann cells
D)   microglia

Question 3

The tendency for molecules with like charges to move apart and molecules with opposite charges to move together is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   osmosis.
B)   diffusion.
C)   electrostatic pressure.
D)   equilibrium.

Question 4

Unipolar neurons have _________ leaving the cell body.

Accepted Answer

A)   one branch
B)   one axon and many dendrites
C)   two branches
D)   one dendrite and many axons

Question 5

In this figure, threshold is measured at ____________________mV, the peak of the action potential occurs at ____________________mV, and the recording during the refractory period appears to go as low as ____________________mV.

Accepted Answer

-65, +40, ...

Question 6

Bipolar neurons have _________ leaving the cell body.

Accepted Answer

A)   one branch
B)   one axon and many dendrites
C)   two branches
D)   one dendrite and many axons

Question 7

Von Economo neurons are found in

Accepted Answer

A)   both invertebrates and vertebrates.
B)   all vertebrates but not in any invertebrates.
C)   all mammals but not in other types of animals.
D)   humans, elephants, great apes, and members of the whale family.

Question 8

The uncovered section of axon membrane between two segments of myelin is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   axon terminal.
B)   axon hillock.
C)   collateral.
D)   node of Ranvier.

Question 9

After synaptic vesicles release their contents into the synaptic gap, the vesicle membranes

Accepted Answer

A)   are broken down by special enzymes.
B)   are pinched off the axon terminal membrane and formed into new vesicles.
C)   diffuse away from the synaptic gap in the extracellular fluid.
D)   are digested by microglia.

Question 10

The branches formed at the end of an axon that is closest to its target are known as

Accepted Answer

A)   spines.
B)   hillocks.
C)   collaterals.
D)   spikes.

Question 11

Lethal injection interferes with the resting potential of cells by

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing the concentration of extracellular sodium.
B)   decreasing the concentration of extracellular sodium.
C)   increasing the concentration of extracellular potassium.
D)   decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium.

Question 12

Tetrodotoxin, the poisonous substance produced by the puffer fish, interacts with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium channels that are dependent on voltage
B)   calcium channels located at the axon terminal
C)   hydrogen channels located on postsynaptic dendrites
D)   potassium channels located on the axon membrane

Question 13

Channels that open when they come in contact with specific chemicals are known as

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium-potassium pumps.
B)   ligand-gated channels.
C)   voltage-dependent channels.
D)   phospholipid pumps.

Question 14

The influx of calcium ions during exocytosis

Accepted Answer

A)   returns the synaptic vesicles to the cell body for refilling.
B)   triggers the activation of autoreceptors on the presynaptic membrane.
C)   causes synaptic vesicles to migrate to their release sites.
D)   signals the vesicles to store additional neurotransmitter molecules.

Question 15

The hyperpolarization observed following an action potential is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   potassium continuing to leave the cell.
B)   chloride continuing to enter the cell.
C)   sodium continuing to enter the cell.
D)   potassium returned to the cell by the sodium-potassium pumps.

Question 16

The resting potential of a neuron is primarily dependent on the movement of

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium.
B)   calcium.
C)   chloride.
D)   potassium.

Question 17

The glia that participate in the formation of the blood-brain barrier are the

Accepted Answer

A)   astrocytes.
B)   oligodendrocytes.
C)   Schwann cells.
D)   microglia.

Question 18

In exocytosis, what is one possible advantage of the "kiss and run" theory as it explains the release of all neurotransmitter molecules in a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

A)   Signaling across the synapse is much faster.
B)   Fewer action potentials are needed in order to signal.
C)   Regaining the resting potential in the axon terminal occurs much faster.
D)   Neurons need fewer autoreceptors.

Question 19

Compared with sodium channels involved with the action potential, potassium channels

Accepted Answer

A)   open more rapidly.
B)   open earlier.
C)   stay open longer.
D)   are inactive during action potentials.

Question 20

The amount of neurotransmitter released during exocytosis is largely determined by the amount of calcium entering the presynaptic axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

The influx of calcium ions during exocytosis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In exocytosis, what is one possible advantage of the "kiss and run" theory as it explains the release of all neurotransmitter molecules in a vesicle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lethal injection interferes with the resting potential of cells by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After synaptic vesicles release their contents into the synaptic gap, the vesicle membranes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The amount of neurotransmitter released during exocytosis is largely determined by the amount of calcium entering the presynaptic axon terminal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of glia is responsible for forming myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Channels that open when they come in contact with specific chemicals are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bipolar neurons have _________ leaving the cell body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In this figure, threshold is measured at ____________________mV, the peak of the action potential occurs at ____________________mV, and the recording during the refractory period appears to go as low as ____________________mV.

Correct Answerverified-65, +40, ...View AnswerShow Answer

The branches formed at the end of an axon that is closest to its target are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency for molecules with like charges to move apart and molecules with opposite charges to move together is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tetrodotoxin, the poisonous substance produced by the puffer fish, interacts with which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hyperpolarization observed following an action potential is the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The glia that participate in the formation of the blood-brain barrier are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a membrane potential changes from -70mV to -75mV,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with sodium channels involved with the action potential, potassium channels

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The resting potential of a neuron is primarily dependent on the movement of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Von Economo neurons are found in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The uncovered section of axon membrane between two segments of myelin is known as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unipolar neurons have _________ leaving the cell body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In this figure, threshold is measured at mV, the peak of the action potential occurs at mV, and the recording during the refractory period appears to go as low as mV.

Correct Answer
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-65, +40, ...
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