Question 1

Suppose your friend is a strong believer in individual liberties and negative rights,and she often complains about the government's establishment of positive rights.It sounds like she may be a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  socialist.
B)  communist.
C)  egalitarian.
D)  libertarian.

Question 2

The failure of rich nations to aid the world's poorest countries would be considered ________ by Peter Singer.

Accepted Answer

A)  permissible but not obligatory
B)  morally wrong
C)  not obligatory
D)  a failure to do a supererogatory act

Question 3

A person's right that obligates others NOT to interfere with that person's obtaining something is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative right.
B)  positive right.
C)  negative claim.
D)  reciprocal obligation.

Question 4

Imagine that Congress is debating a bill that would increase the amount of taxpayer money the United States spends on fighting hunger and poverty in developing countries.You oppose the bill because you are a staunch:

Accepted Answer

A)  welfare liberal.
B)  socialist.
C)  egalitarian.
D)  libertarian. D

Question 5

Peter Singer asserts that our moral duty applies to needy people regardless of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the harm our contributions may cause.
B)  our own resources.
C)  their distance from us.
D)  their need.

Question 6

According to Peter Singer's theory,we (the affluent) ought to give to the needy until we reach the level of marginal utility-which means that in giving the appropriate amount,we would reduce ourselves to very near the material circumstances of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a middle-class American.
B)  a Bengali refugee.
C)  an immigrant from working-class Britain.
D)  the average citizen of the United Arab Emirates.

Question 7

Suppose rich countries responded to the food crisis in Kenya according to Garrett Hardin's recommendations.Rich countries would:

Accepted Answer

A)  send limited food aid.
B)  send fertilizer but no food.
C)  send more food aid than is required.
D)  refuse to send food aid.

Question 8

A person's claim or entitlement to something,a moral demand that obligates others to act accordingly,is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  duty of beneficence.
B)  libertarian right.
C)  claim.
D)  right.

Question 9

The moral issue of whether we have a duty to help the poor and hungry of the world is compelling mainly because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  news media constantly remind us of the plight of poor people.
B)  world's poor are now slightly better off than they used to be,which is a reminder of their plight.
C)  misery of the world's poor is an exaggeration that the rich are often confronted with.
D)  misery of the world's poor is profound and the economic gap between rich and poor is wide.

Question 10

Garrett Hardin argues that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the rich should aid the poor and hungry but not to the level of marginal utility.
B)  the rich should not aid the poor and hungry because doing so will only invite catastrophe for rich and poor alike.
C)  the rich should not aid the poor and hungry because doing so will curb the world's population.
D)  the rich should aid the poor and hungry because Peter Singer's argument is persuasive.

Question 11

Suppose you strongly believe you have no duty to help the poor and hungry of the world,that you are not obligated to share your resources with those less fortunate.Your view would be consistent with:

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritarianism.
B)  utilitarianism.
C)  libertarianism.
D)  egalitarianism. C

Question 12

The richest 1 percent of people in the world own about ________ percent of the world's wealth.

Accepted Answer

A)  30
B)  50
C)  20
D)  80

Question 13

Suppose you adopt a libertarian theory of justice,and the government decides to raise taxes to pay for universal health care.You will likely ________ these new taxes.

Accepted Answer

A)  favor
B)  oppose
C)  welcome
D)  not object to B

Question 14

A Kantian theorist would reject Peter Singer's argument because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Singer's utilitarian calculation of how much we should give is incorrect.
B)  Kant rejects utilitarian arguments.
C)  to give food to the hungry is to use people as a means to an end.
D)  people deserve more goods than Singer suggests.

Question 15

Garrett Hardin uses the lifeboat metaphor to suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A)  affluent countries,like lifeboats,are inherently unstable.
B)  the moral duty of affluent countries is to give aid to the starving,overpopulated ones.
C)  the affluent countries have no moral duty to give aid to the starving,overpopulated ones.
D)  giving aid to the poor and hungry will cause a worldwide revolt against the rich and influential.

Question 16

Robert Nozick and John Hospers believe that people have a right NOT to be interfered with and to do whatever they want with their own property as long as they do not violate the liberty rights of others.This line is clearly:

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarian.
B)  liberal.
C)  libertarian.
D)  egalitarian.

Question 17

The morality of persons getting what is fair or what is their due is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  libertarianism.
B)  justice.
C)  egalitarianism.
D)  jurisprudence.

Question 18

Suppose you are asked by the local hospital to donate one of your kidneys to save the life of a stranger.Are you obligated to give away your kidney for a good cause? John Arthur says NO because:

Accepted Answer

A)  transplant kidneys are too scarce to give your kidney away.
B)  no one deserves another person's kidney.
C)  it's your body,you have a right to it,and that weighs against whatever duty you have to help.
D)  it's your body,you have a right to it,and you should never donate your kidney or any other part of your body.

Question 19

Critics of Peter Singer's view admit that we do have an obligation to aid distant people but,they say,we also have a duty to help:

Accepted Answer

A)  those with whom we have a special relationship.
B)  everyone near us.
C)  our enemies.
D)  foreign governments.

Question 20

The key premise in Peter Singer's argument for aiding the world's needy is:

Accepted Answer

A)  "[I]f it is in our power to equally distribute goods throughout the world to all persons,we ought,morally,to do it."
B)  "We-the well-to-do-have no right at all to the goods we possess;we acquired them mostly through accidents of birth and geography."
C)  "Giving food and shelter to the poor would only make their plight worse."
D)  "I f it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening,without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance,we ought,morally,to do it."

Exam 19: Global Economic Justice

Suppose your friend is a strong believer in individual liberties and negative rights,and she often complains about the government's establishment of positive rights.It sounds like she may be a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The failure of rich nations to aid the world's poorest countries would be considered ________ by Peter Singer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person's right that obligates others NOT to interfere with that person's obtaining something is known as a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that Congress is debating a bill that would increase the amount of taxpayer money the United States spends on fighting hunger and poverty in developing countries.You oppose the bill because you are a staunch:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Peter Singer asserts that our moral duty applies to needy people regardless of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Peter Singer's theory,we (the affluent) ought to give to the needy until we reach the level of marginal utility-which means that in giving the appropriate amount,we would reduce ourselves to very near the material circumstances of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose rich countries responded to the food crisis in Kenya according to Garrett Hardin's recommendations.Rich countries would:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person's claim or entitlement to something,a moral demand that obligates others to act accordingly,is referred to as a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The moral issue of whether we have a duty to help the poor and hungry of the world is compelling mainly because the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Garrett Hardin argues that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you strongly believe you have no duty to help the poor and hungry of the world,that you are not obligated to share your resources with those less fortunate.Your view would be consistent with:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The richest 1 percent of people in the world own about ________ percent of the world's wealth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you adopt a libertarian theory of justice,and the government decides to raise taxes to pay for universal health care.You will likely ________ these new taxes.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A Kantian theorist would reject Peter Singer's argument because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Garrett Hardin uses the lifeboat metaphor to suggest that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Robert Nozick and John Hospers believe that people have a right NOT to be interfered with and to do whatever they want with their own property as long as they do not violate the liberty rights of others.This line is clearly:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The morality of persons getting what is fair or what is their due is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you are asked by the local hospital to donate one of your kidneys to save the life of a stranger.Are you obligated to give away your kidney for a good cause? John Arthur says NO because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critics of Peter Singer's view admit that we do have an obligation to aid distant people but,they say,we also have a duty to help:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The key premise in Peter Singer's argument for aiding the world's needy is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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B

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