Question 1

Neuroimaging experiments have demonstrated that working memory engages the

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex to a larger degree than any other cortical area.
B)  anterior cingulate to a larger degree than any other cortical area.
C)  prefrontal cortex and more posterior brain areas involved in perception and mental representation.
D)  anterior cingulate and more posterior brain areas involved in perception and mental representation.

Question 2

People with frontal lobe lesions are often impaired in organizing and segregating events in memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Is there more than one decision system? Provide evidence to support your view.

Accepted Answer

Yes, there are more than one decision sy...

Question 4

Describe the supervisory attentional system. What brain area is thought to be involved? Describe neuroimaging studies that support your view.

Accepted Answer

The supervisory attentional system (SAS)...

Question 5

Imagine that a frontal lobe patient meets a very good friend and his family doctor. Describe how the patient's conversation would differ between the two. Is this similar or different to the way in which a person without frontal lobe damage would communicate with them?

Accepted Answer

A frontal lobe patient's conversation wi...

Question 6

Which of the following situations would be most likely to engage the anterior cingulate cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  A waiter walks over to your table at a restaurant and holds an open menu in front of you.
B)  You walk into the elevator of your apartment building and press the button for your floor.
C)  You enter your classroom and find someone sitting in your usual seat.
D)  A good friend asks you to remind him of your telephone number.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a gradient along which the prefrontal cortex is organized?

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior-posterior
B)  ventral-dorsal
C)  left-right
D)  lateral-medial

Question 8

The error-related negativity (ERN) has been localized to the anterior cingulate cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Lesions of the lateral prefrontal cortex disrupt ________ memory but not ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term; working
B)  long-term; short-term
C)  working; long-term
D)  working; short-term

Question 10

How do the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices differ in terms of valuation? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPF...

Question 11

For situations in which no routine procedure can be used to generate an appropriate response, which type of mechanism is used to select the best schema control unit for translation into action?

Accepted Answer

A)  the somatic marker hypothesis
B)  utilization behavior
C)  the supervisory attentional system
D)  source encoding

Question 12

While the ________ will be most active during the encoding of a face stimulus, the ________ will be active during the delay period.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal gyrus; fusiform gyrus
B)  fusiform gyrus; prefrontal cortex
C)  anterior cingulate; hippocampus
D)  hippocampus; anterior cingulate

Question 13

Although the prefrontal cortex is not essential for working memory, it is particularly important for the storage of associative knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe the components of valuation.

Accepted Answer

Valuation involves the process of determ...

Question 15

________ theories describe what people ought to do, whereas ________ theories describe what people actually do.

Accepted Answer

A)  Normative; descriptive
B)  Descriptive; normative
C)  Decision-making; goal-oriented
D)  Goal-oriented; decision-making

Question 16

Which of the following processes would LEAST involve cognitive control?

Accepted Answer

A)  playing "Simon Says" with your niece and nephew
B)  jumping rope with your niece and nephew, after not having jumped rope for at least10 years
C)  choosing what kind of pizzas to order based on input from a group of several people
D)  not letting yourself have another glass of wine, even though you want to have one

Question 17

Provide an example of a delayed-response task. How has this task informed our understanding of the prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

An example of a delayed-response task is...

Question 18

You encounter a bear, which triggers an emotional response. Which of the following areas would not show increased dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala
B)  hippocampus
C)  anterior cingulate cortex
D)  dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 19

John is unable to carry on the most rudimentary conversations. Whenever someone changes the subject he persists on the same topic for several minutes. Eventually, people simply leave him alone, talking to himself. John has

Accepted Answer

A)  deficits in planning complex behaviors.
B)  perseveration in responding.
C)  fluent aphasia.
D)  disruption of working memory.

Question 20

You are driving around town. Which of the following stops will require the most working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  stopping at a frequently visited supermarket
B)  stopping at home
C)  stopping at a friend's home
D)  stopping at a business you have never visited before

Exam 12: Cognitive Control

________ theories describe what people ought to do, whereas ________ theories describe what people actually do.

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Which of the following situations would be most likely to engage the anterior cingulate cortex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a gradient along which the prefrontal cortex is organized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The error-related negativity (ERN) has been localized to the anterior cingulate cortex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While the ________ will be most active during the encoding of a face stimulus, the ________ will be active during the delay period.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the prefrontal cortex is not essential for working memory, it is particularly important for the storage of associative knowledge.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that a frontal lobe patient meets a very good friend and his family doctor. Describe how the patient's conversation would differ between the two. Is this similar or different to the way in which a person without frontal lobe damage would communicate with them?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIA frontal lobe patient's conversation wi...View AnswerShow Answer

You are driving around town. Which of the following stops will require the most working memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with frontal lobe lesions are often impaired in organizing and segregating events in memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the supervisory attentional system. What brain area is thought to be involved? Describe neuroimaging studies that support your view.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe supervisory attentional system (SAS)...View AnswerShow Answer

Neuroimaging experiments have demonstrated that working memory engages the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices differ in terms of valuation? Give an example.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPF...View AnswerShow Answer

Is there more than one decision system? Provide evidence to support your view.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIYes, there are more than one decision sy...View AnswerShow Answer

Provide an example of a delayed-response task. How has this task informed our understanding of the prefrontal cortex?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAn example of a delayed-response task is...View AnswerShow Answer

For situations in which no routine procedure can be used to generate an appropriate response, which type of mechanism is used to select the best schema control unit for translation into action?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You encounter a bear, which triggers an emotional response. Which of the following areas would not show increased dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lesions of the lateral prefrontal cortex disrupt ________ memory but not ________ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the components of valuation.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIValuation involves the process of determ...View AnswerShow Answer

John is unable to carry on the most rudimentary conversations. Whenever someone changes the subject he persists on the same topic for several minutes. Eventually, people simply leave him alone, talking to himself. John has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes would LEAST involve cognitive control?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

theories describe what people ought to do, whereas theories describe what people actually do.

Correct Answer
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While the will be most active during the encoding of a face stimulus, the will be active during the delay period.

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Answered by ExamLex AI
A frontal lobe patient's conversation wi...
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The supervisory attentional system (SAS)...
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The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPF...
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Yes, there are more than one decision sy...
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An example of a delayed-response task is...
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Lesions of the lateral prefrontal cortex disrupt memory but not memory.

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Answered by ExamLex AI
Valuation involves the process of determ...
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Correct Answer
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