Question 1

Botulism is caused by ingestion of a proteinaceous exotoxin;therefore,it can easily be prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)  boiling food prior to consumption.
B)  administering antibiotics to patients.
C)  not eating canned food.
D)  preventing fecal contamination of food.
E)  filtering food.

Question 2

All of the following are methods of avoiding host antibodies EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  antigenic changes.
B)  IgA proteases.
C)  invasins.
D)  membrane-disrupting toxins.
E)  inducing endocytosis.

Question 3

The best description of direct damage by a pathogen is

Accepted Answer

A)  host cells destroyed when pathogens metabolize and multiply.
B)  capsule components of pathogens kill cells.
C)  poisonous substances secreted by viruses kill cells.
D)  superantigens cause cytokine release which then cause symptoms of disease.
E)  protein synthesis is interrupted by toxins.

Question 4

The fimbriae of Neisseria gonorrhea and enteropathogenic E.coli are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesins.
B)  ligands.
C)  receptors.
D)  adhesins and ligands.
E)  adhesins,ligands,and receptors.

Question 5

In general,the LD₅₀ for exotoxins is much greater than the LD₅₀ for endotoxins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues.
B)  waste products excreted by the parasite.
C)  products released from damaged tissues.
D)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues and waste products excreted by the parasite.
E)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues,waste products excreted by the parasite,and products released from damaged tissues. E

Question 8

Cytopathic effects,such as inclusion bodies and syncytium formation,are the visible signs of viral infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more potent than endotoxins.
B)  They are composed of proteins.
C)  They are resistant to heat.
D)  They have specific methods of action.
E)  They are produced by gram-positive bacteria.

Question 10

Table 15.2
   Bacterium  ID50  E. coli O157:H720 Legionella pneumophila 1 Shigella 10 Treponema pallidum 57\begin{array} { | l | c | } \hline 	ext { Bacterium } & 	ext { ID50 } \\hline 	ext { E. coli } \mathrm { O } 157 : \mathrm { H } 7 & 20 \\hline 	ext { Legionella pneumophila } & 1 \\hline 	ext { Shigella } & 10 \\hline 	ext { Treponema pallidum } & 57 \\hline\end{array} Bacterium  E. coli O157:H7 Legionella pneumophila  Shigella  Treponema pallidum ​ ID50 2011057​​ 
-Which organism in Table 15.2 most easily causes an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  
E)  coli O157:H7
B)  Legionella pneumophila
C)  Shigella
D)  Treponema pallidum
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 11

The ability of some microbes,such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called

Accepted Answer

A)  antigenic variation.
B)  lysogenic conversion.
C)  virulence.
D)  cytopathic effect.
E)  cytocidal effect. A

Question 12

Patients developed inflammation a few hours following eye surgery.Instruments and solutions were sterile,and the Limulus assay was positive.The patients' inflammation was due to

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial infection.
B)  viral infection.
C)  endotoxin.
D)  exotoxin.
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. C

Question 13

Endotoxins are

Accepted Answer

A)  associated with gram-positive bacteria.
B)  molecules that bind nerve cells.
C)  part of the gram-negative cell wall.
D)  excreted from the cell.
E)  A-B toxins.

Question 14

Some pathogens evade phagocytosis,while other pathogens evade host defenses by entering host cells.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both of these evasion strategies.

Accepted Answer

Some pathogens have evolved the ability ...

Question 15

All of the following bacteria release endotoxin EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium botulinum.
B)  Salmonella Typhi.
C)  Neisseria meningitidis.
D)  Proteus vulgaris.
E)  Haemophilus influenzae.

Question 16

All of the following are examples of entry via the parenteral route EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  injection.
B)  bite.
C)  surgery.
D)  hair follicle.
E)  skin cut.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal enterotoxin is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes vomiting.
B)  It causes diarrhea.
C)  It is an exotoxin.
D)  It is produced by Staphylococcus aureus growing in the host's intestines.
E)  It is a superantigen.

Question 18

Bacteria that cause periodontal disease have adhesins for receptors on streptococci that colonize on teeth.This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  streptococci get bacterial infections.
B)  streptococcal colonization is necessary for periodontal disease.
C)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to gums and teeth.
D)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to teeth.
E)  streptococci cause periodontal disease.

Question 19

The Limulus amoebocyte assay is used to detect minute amounts of endotoxin in drugs and medical devices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which disease-associated fungi or fungal characteristics are mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  ergot - sclerotia
B)  trichothecenes - inhibit protein synthesis
C)  Cryptococcus neoformans - capsules
D)  Claviceps purpura - aflatoxin
E)  Amantia - neurotoxin

Exam 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Botulism is caused by ingestion of a proteinaceous exotoxin;therefore,it can easily be prevented by

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are methods of avoiding host antibodies EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

The best description of direct damage by a pathogen is

Correct Answer
verified

The fimbriae of Neisseria gonorrhea and enteropathogenic E.coli are examples of

Correct Answer
verified

In general,the LD₅₀ for exotoxins is much greater than the LD₅₀ for endotoxins.

Correct Answer
verified

Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Correct Answer
verified

Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to

Correct Answer
verified
E

Cytopathic effects,such as inclusion bodies and syncytium formation,are the visible signs of viral infections.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The ability of some microbes,such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called

Correct Answer
verified
A

Patients developed inflammation a few hours following eye surgery.Instruments and solutions were sterile,and the Limulus assay was positive.The patients' inflammation was due to

Correct Answer
verified
C

Endotoxins are

Correct Answer
verified

Some pathogens evade phagocytosis,while other pathogens evade host defenses by entering host cells.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both of these evasion strategies.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Some pathogens have evolved the ability ...
View Answer

All of the following bacteria release endotoxin EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are examples of entry via the parenteral route EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal enterotoxin is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

Bacteria that cause periodontal disease have adhesins for receptors on streptococci that colonize on teeth.This indicates that

Correct Answer
verified

The Limulus amoebocyte assay is used to detect minute amounts of endotoxin in drugs and medical devices.

Correct Answer
verified

Which disease-associated fungi or fungal characteristics are mismatched?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Botulism is caused by ingestion of a proteinaceous exotoxin;therefore,it can easily be prevented by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are methods of avoiding host antibodies EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best description of direct damage by a pathogen is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fimbriae of Neisseria gonorrhea and enteropathogenic E.coli are examples of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general,the LD₅₀ for exotoxins is much greater than the LD₅₀ for endotoxins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Cytopathic effects,such as inclusion bodies and syncytium formation,are the visible signs of viral infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability of some microbes,such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Patients developed inflammation a few hours following eye surgery.Instruments and solutions were sterile,and the Limulus assay was positive.The patients' inflammation was due to

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Endotoxins are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some pathogens evade phagocytosis,while other pathogens evade host defenses by entering host cells.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both of these evasion strategies.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISome pathogens have evolved the ability ...View AnswerShow Answer

All of the following bacteria release endotoxin EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are examples of entry via the parenteral route EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal enterotoxin is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria that cause periodontal disease have adhesins for receptors on streptococci that colonize on teeth.This indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Limulus amoebocyte assay is used to detect minute amounts of endotoxin in drugs and medical devices.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which disease-associated fungi or fungal characteristics are mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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E

Correct Answer
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A

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C

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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Some pathogens have evolved the ability ...
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