Question 1

The oxic atmosphere created conditions that led to the evolution of various new metabolic pathways,such as

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfide oxidation.
B)  nitrification.
C)  iron oxidation.
D)  sulfide oxidation,nitrification,and iron oxidation.

Question 2

When exposed to UV light,oxygen gas produces ozone gas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Microbial ________ studies the diversity of microorganisms and links their phylogeny with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  taxonomy / genotype
B)  phylogeny / phenotype
C)  taxonomy / phenotype
D)  systematics / taxonomy

Question 4

Two organisms containing identical GC ratios are not necessarily related.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample.The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature,so you are excited that it could be a new species.What experiments should you perform to determine if your isolate is truly a new species? What process will you follow to officially name your isolate?

Accepted Answer

Experiments to determine the isolate's c...

Question 6

Most bacterial phyla lack strong phenotypic cohesiveness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its ________ and it is inferred from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  taxonomy / phenotype
B)  phylogeny / nucleotide sequence data
C)  phylogeny / phenotype
D)  taxonomy / morphology

Question 8

Which statement most closely expresses our present understanding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chloroplast is an ancestor of the cyanobacteria.
B)  The cyanobacteria are descendents of the chloroplast.
C)  The chloroplast arose from the incorporation of a cyanobacterial-like organism.
D)  The chloroplast and the cyanobacteria are not closely (or specifically) related.

Question 9

You are studying 12 new isolates from the human skin.The isolates have 16S rRNA sequences that are 97% similar and share important phenotypic traits.Their genomes have 55% of their genes in common.The isolates would most likely be

Accepted Answer

A)  classified as individual strains of the same species.
B)  classified as individual species of the same genus.
C)  split into different families.
D)  classified as the same species if they can mate via conjugation.

Question 10

How does the Black Queen Hypothesis explain the effect of gene deletions on bacterial evolution?

Accepted Answer

The Black Queen Hypothesis states that s...

Question 11

The earliest stromatolites were probably formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  anoxygenic phototrophs.
B)  anoxygenic lithotrophs.
C)  oxygenic phototrophs.
D)  oxygenic lithotrophs.

Question 12

The pan genome of a microbial species is constantly changing because of

Accepted Answer

A)  bottleneck events.
B)  horizontal gene transfer.
C)  substitutions.
D)  substitution and bottleneck events.

Question 13

Two eukaryotic organelles that are hypothesized to be the result of endosymbiosis are the ________ and the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus / Golgi body
B)  mitochondrion / chloroplast
C)  endoplasmic reticulum / Golgi body
D)  hydrogenosome / chloroplast

Question 14

The establishment of DNA as the genome of the cell may have resulted from the need to store genetic information in a more stable form than RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What type of methods are used in microbial systematics? Why are multiple methods used to characterize and classify microbial species? Be sure to define the methods and describe the general strengths and weaknesses of each type.

Accepted Answer

Microbial systematics is polyphasic and ...

Question 16

DNA:DNA hybridization is a sensitive method for revealing subtle genetic differences because it measures the degree of sequence similarity between two genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

If you allowed 10 identical parallel Salmonella cultures to evolve for 10,000 generations under new growth conditions with very little nitrogen,the parallel cultures would

Accepted Answer

A)  evolve identical adaptations to use the nitrogen source provided in the media.
B)  not change or adapt very much over this small number of generations.
C)  each accumulate different random mutations resulting in different adaptations to use the nitrogen in the media.
D)  direct mutations to occur in nitrogen utilization and uptake genes in order to adapt rapidly to the culture conditions.

Question 18

As oxygen appeared in the atmosphere,________ also accumulated,which formed a protective barrier that protects the Earth from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ozone / UV radiation
B)  elemental sulfur / volcanism
C)  ferrous iron / hydroxylating radicals
D)  sulfate / hydrogen sulfide

Question 19

Describe the hydrogen hypothesis and why it is favored over other hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen hypothesis states that a hy...

Question 20

Approximately 4 billion years ago Archaea and Bacteria diverged as being distinct from each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Describe the hydrogen hypothesis and why it is favored over other hypotheses.

Correct Answer
verified
The hydrogen hypothesis states that a hy...
View Answer

DNA:DNA hybridization is a sensitive method for revealing subtle genetic differences because it measures the degree of sequence similarity between two genomes.

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement most closely expresses our present understanding?

Correct Answer
verified

If you allowed 10 identical parallel Salmonella cultures to evolve for 10,000 generations under new growth conditions with very little nitrogen,the parallel cultures would

Correct Answer
verified

The oxic atmosphere created conditions that led to the evolution of various new metabolic pathways,such as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Experiments to determine the isolate's c...
View Answer

What type of methods are used in microbial systematics? Why are multiple methods used to characterize and classify microbial species? Be sure to define the methods and describe the general strengths and weaknesses of each type.

Correct Answer
verified
Microbial systematics is polyphasic and ...
View Answer

The earliest stromatolites were probably formed by

Correct Answer
verified

When exposed to UV light,oxygen gas produces ozone gas.

Correct Answer
verified

How does the Black Queen Hypothesis explain the effect of gene deletions on bacterial evolution?

Correct Answer
verified
The Black Queen Hypothesis states that s...
View Answer

Two organisms containing identical GC ratios are not necessarily related.

Correct Answer
verified

As oxygen appeared in the atmosphere, also accumulated,which formed a protective barrier that protects the Earth from .

Correct Answer
verified

Two eukaryotic organelles that are hypothesized to be the result of endosymbiosis are the and the .

Correct Answer
verified

Microbial studies the diversity of microorganisms and links their phylogeny with .

Correct Answer
verified

Approximately 4 billion years ago Archaea and Bacteria diverged as being distinct from each other.

Correct Answer
verified

The pan genome of a microbial species is constantly changing because of

Correct Answer
verified

You are studying 12 new isolates from the human skin.The isolates have 16S rRNA sequences that are 97% similar and share important phenotypic traits.Their genomes have 55% of their genes in common.The isolates would most likely be

Correct Answer
verified

Most bacterial phyla lack strong phenotypic cohesiveness.

Correct Answer
verified

The establishment of DNA as the genome of the cell may have resulted from the need to store genetic information in a more stable form than RNA.

Correct Answer
verified

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its and it is inferred from .

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Describe the hydrogen hypothesis and why it is favored over other hypotheses.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe hydrogen hypothesis states that a hy...View AnswerShow Answer

DNA:DNA hybridization is a sensitive method for revealing subtle genetic differences because it measures the degree of sequence similarity between two genomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement most closely expresses our present understanding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you allowed 10 identical parallel Salmonella cultures to evolve for 10,000 generations under new growth conditions with very little nitrogen,the parallel cultures would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oxic atmosphere created conditions that led to the evolution of various new metabolic pathways,such as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedExperiments to determine the isolate's c...View AnswerShow Answer

What type of methods are used in microbial systematics? Why are multiple methods used to characterize and classify microbial species? Be sure to define the methods and describe the general strengths and weaknesses of each type.

Correct AnswerverifiedMicrobial systematics is polyphasic and ...View AnswerShow Answer

The earliest stromatolites were probably formed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When exposed to UV light,oxygen gas produces ozone gas.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the Black Queen Hypothesis explain the effect of gene deletions on bacterial evolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Black Queen Hypothesis states that s...View AnswerShow Answer

Two organisms containing identical GC ratios are not necessarily related.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As oxygen appeared in the atmosphere,________ also accumulated,which formed a protective barrier that protects the Earth from ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two eukaryotic organelles that are hypothesized to be the result of endosymbiosis are the ________ and the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microbial ________ studies the diversity of microorganisms and links their phylogeny with ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately 4 billion years ago Archaea and Bacteria diverged as being distinct from each other.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pan genome of a microbial species is constantly changing because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are studying 12 new isolates from the human skin.The isolates have 16S rRNA sequences that are 97% similar and share important phenotypic traits.Their genomes have 55% of their genes in common.The isolates would most likely be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most bacterial phyla lack strong phenotypic cohesiveness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The establishment of DNA as the genome of the cell may have resulted from the need to store genetic information in a more stable form than RNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its ________ and it is inferred from ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The hydrogen hypothesis states that a hy...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Experiments to determine the isolate's c...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Microbial systematics is polyphasic and ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The Black Queen Hypothesis states that s...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

As oxygen appeared in the atmosphere, also accumulated,which formed a protective barrier that protects the Earth from .

Correct Answer
verified

Two eukaryotic organelles that are hypothesized to be the result of endosymbiosis are the and the .

Correct Answer
verified

Microbial studies the diversity of microorganisms and links their phylogeny with .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its and it is inferred from .

Correct Answer
verified