Question 1

After release, most neurotransmitters are deactivated by

Accepted Answer

A)   reuptake.
B)   synaptic enzymes.
C)   the postsynaptic receptors.
D)   deactivating enzymes.
E)   ribosomes.

Question 2

The receptors of the neuromuscular junction are

Accepted Answer

A)   cholinergic.
B)   nicotinic.
C)   muscarinic.
D)   both A and B
E)   both A and C

Question 3

Which of the following are membrane potentials?

Accepted Answer

A)   EPSPs
B)   IPSPs
C)   APs
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and B

Question 4

Action potentials begin by the

Accepted Answer

A)   opening of voltage-activated sodium channels.
B)   closing of ligand-activated chloride channels.
C)   closing of ligand-activated potassium channels.
D)   opening of ligand-activated potassium channels.
E)   closing of voltage-activated calcium channels.

Question 5

Atropine is

Accepted Answer

A)   an extract of opium.
B)   a cholinergic agonist.
C)   a muscarinic antagonist.
D)   a pupil constrictor.
E)   a catecholamine.

Question 6

Which of the following is currently thought to be a valid general principle of synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)   Each neuron releases only one neurotransmitter.
B)   Each neurotransmitter acts on only one receptor subtype.
C)   All receptors are in postsynaptic membranes.
D)   All neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft.
E)   none of the above

Question 7

Active transmission is to passive transmission as

Accepted Answer

A)   IPSPs are to APs.
B)   EPSPs are to IPSPs.
C)   APs are to EPSPs.
D)   EPSPs are to APs.
E)   excitation is to inhibition.

Question 8

A change in the resting potential of a dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called

Accepted Answer

A)   an IPSP.
B)   an EPSP.
C)   a depolarization.
D)   both A and C
E)   both B and C

Question 9

Ionotropic receptors are linked to

Accepted Answer

A)   ribosomes.
B)   neurotransmitters.
C)   ligand-activated ion channels.
D)   vesicles.
E)   G proteins.

Question 10

Use the accompanying figure to summarize how signals are conducted through and from a conventional multipolar neuron.To complement you summary, indicate on the illustration where various events occur.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

In comparison to metabotropic receptors, ionotropic receptors produce effects that

Accepted Answer

A)   are less diffuse.
B)   develop more rapidly.
C)   are more enduring.
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and B

Question 12

Which of the following is a passive process that acts to distribute ions evenly in neural tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)   random motion, which tends to move ions down their concentration gradients
B)   electrostatic pressure, which forces ions down their electrostatic gradients
C)   sodium-potassium pumps, which distribute Na+ and K+ ions equally
D)   both A and B
E)   both A and C

Question 13

There is only one neurotransmitter that is known to be deactivated in the synaptic cleft by enzymatic action; this neurotransmitter is

Accepted Answer

A)   dopamine.
B)   acetylcholine.
C)   acetylcholinesterase.
D)   norepinephrine.
E)   glutamate.

Question 14

Glial cells have been shown to

Accepted Answer

A)   release chemical transmitters.
B)   contain receptors for neurotransmitters.
C)   conduct signals.
D)   participate in neurotransmitter reuptake.
E)   all of the above

Question 15

Neuropeptides are transported from the cell body to the buttons at a speed of about

Accepted Answer

A)   100 meters per minute.
B)   40 centimeters per day.
C)   60 meters per second.
D)   40 meters per hour.
E)   20 meters per second.

Question 16

The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of

Accepted Answer

A)   nodes of Ranvier.
B)   voltage-activated ion channels.
C)   ligand-activated ion channels.
D)   myelin.
E)   EPSPs.

Question 17

Serotonin is synthesized from

Accepted Answer

A)   tyrosine.
B)   L-DOPA.
C)   tryptophan.
D)   norepinephrine.
E)   epinephrine.

Question 18

APs are said to be all-or-none: This means that all APs

Accepted Answer

A)   are the same.
B)   in a particular neuron are the same.
C)   travel at the same speed.
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and C

Question 19

Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?

Accepted Answer

A)   monoamines
B)   amino acids
C)   glutamate and GABA
D)   soluble gases
E)   peptides

Question 20

-Illustrated here is

Accepted Answer

A)   an axon hillock.
B)   a synapse.
C)   a gap junction.
D)   a dendritic spine.
E)   none of the above

Exam 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission

Use the accompanying figure to summarize how signals are conducted through and from a conventional multipolar neuron.To complement you summary, indicate on the illustration where various events occur.

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Which of the following is a passive process that acts to distribute ions evenly in neural tissue?

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Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serotonin is synthesized from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After release, most neurotransmitters are deactivated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are membrane potentials?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is currently thought to be a valid general principle of synaptic transmission?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparison to metabotropic receptors, ionotropic receptors produce effects that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Illustrated here is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Action potentials begin by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atropine is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A change in the resting potential of a dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

APs are said to be all-or-none: This means that all APs

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Active transmission is to passive transmission as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glial cells have been shown to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The receptors of the neuromuscular junction are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is only one neurotransmitter that is known to be deactivated in the synaptic cleft by enzymatic action; this neurotransmitter is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neuropeptides are transported from the cell body to the buttons at a speed of about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ionotropic receptors are linked to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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