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Exam 11: Cracks, crags, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Continental crust is typically 35-km thick,but may be up to ____________ thicker under mountain ranges.

A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 100%
D) 200%

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Question 22

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Motion along all faults is either strike slip or dip slip;combinations of these two types of displacement are never found together in a single fault.

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Question 23

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Force per unit area is termed ____________.

A fold shaped like an elongate arch is a(n) ____________.

Regions of continents that have not been subjected to orogeny during the past one billion years are termed ____________.

A geologist's compass differs from the more widely known orienteering compass in that the geologist's compass ____________.

Regions where Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface are termed ____________.

In a ____________ fault,the fault plane is nonvertical and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block.

Mountain ranges are important sites for the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks,but do not have any apparent relationship with the formation of sedimentary rocks.

A body of rock to which a sudden,rapid stress has been applied is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock subjected to a gradually applied stress.

A body of rock under high pressure is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock at low pressure.

Orogenesis (mountain building) leads to the production of ____________.

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the oldest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.

A fold shaped like an upside-down bowl is a(n) ____________.

Tectonic foliation,such as elongation of quartz grains,always occurs parallel to the original bedding plane of a body of rock.

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n) ____________.

The outer portion of a craton,where deformed rocks are covered by sediments,is termed the ____________.

The sides of a fold,where curvature is at a minimum,are termed ____________.

In a ____________ fault,the fault plane is greater than 35° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block.

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a series of parallel lines,with the youngest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.