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Exam 11: Cracks, crags, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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The balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the underlying mantle is termed ____________.

A) punctuated equilibrium
B) homeostatic equilibrium
C) isostatic equilibrium
D) osmotic equilibrium

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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A polished surface produced by scraping of rock along a fault is termed a(n) ____________.

A) orogeny
B) phylogeny
C) aureole
D) slickenside

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Question 3

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Nearly all of the present mountain ranges are the products of single orogenic events.

In a ____________ fault,the fault plane is less than 35° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block.

It is possible for offset along an oblique-slip fault to have both ____________ and ____________ components.

Movement along faults often produces sharply angled rock fragments termed ____________.

Theoretically,there is no reason why mountains substantially taller than Mt.Everest might not one day arise on Earth.

In the map below,the vertical,north-south trending fault is a ____________ fault.

A fold shaped like an elongate trough is a(n) ____________.

Most fault surfaces,like joints,are roughly planar in orientation.

Normal faults assume a more shallow dip angle with depth;when the fault plane becomes nearly horizontal,these faults are termed ____________.

Mountain ranges are associated with modern and ancient convergent-plate boundaries,but do not form in association with either divergent- or transform-plate boundaries.

Within a platform,sedimentary rocks always have a horizontal orientation.

____________ may help a geologist recognize a fault.

A body of rock affected by compressive stress will likely undergo ____________.

Change in shape,induced by stress,is termed ____________.

The distinction between joints and faults is that ____________.

A fold shaped like an right-side-up bowl is a(n) ____________.

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the youngest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.

Mt.Everest,the tallest mountain in the world,is located on the continent of ____________.