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Explain the relationship between first-mover disadvantages and pioneering costs.

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When a firm enters a market before other...

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The most typical joint venture is a ________ venture.


A) 50-50
B) 60-40
C) 75-25
D) 10-90

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Which of the following is a first-mover advantage?


A) lower research and development costs and marketing costs than other firms
B) ability to preempt rivals and capture demand by establishing a strong brand name
C) ability to capitalize on the work done by other firms
D) creation of innovative products at lower costs than other firms

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________ allow a firm to rapidly build its presence in the target foreign market.


A) Joint ventures
B) Acquisitions
C) Subsidiaries
D) Turnkey contracts

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Costs that an early entrant has to bear that a later entrant can avoid are known as


A) first-mover costs.
B) late-mover disadvantages.
C) pioneering costs.
D) licensing fees.

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Tangible property includes patents, designs, copyrights, and trademarks.

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An advantage of ________ with a local partner is the knowledge of the local environment that the local partner contributes to the venture.


A) turnkey contracts
B) licensing contracts
C) joint ventures
D) wholly owned subsidiary contracts

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An arrangement whereby a firm grants the right of intangible property to another entity for a specified time period in exchange for royalties is ________ agreement.


A) a turnkey
B) a licensing
C) a greenfield
D) an acquisition

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________ agreements enable firms to hold each other "hostage," thereby reducing the risk they will behave in an opportunistic manner toward each other.


A) Turnkey
B) Franchising
C) Cross-license
D) Integrated license

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Large-scale strategic commitments may


A) have many benefits and few to no risks.
B) increase strategic flexibility.
C) have many risks and few to no benefits.
D) limit strategic flexibility.

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The costs of promoting and establishing a product offering when a firm enters a foreign market prior to its rivals are known as ________ costs.


A) switching
B) market development
C) pioneering
D) promotional development

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Apple exports its products to many countries. An advantage of exporting products to another country is that it


A) minimizes exchange rate risks.
B) provides the ability to achieve experience curve and location economies.
C) faces less trade barriers.
D) gives firms access to local knowledge.

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What are first-mover advantages? Discuss these advantages.

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First-mover advantages are the advantage...

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There are several disadvantages of franchising as an entry mode. Which of the following is one of them?


A) There is little incentive for the franchisee to build a profitable operation as quickly as possible.
B) The firm incurs many of the costs and risks of opening a foreign market on its own.
C) Franchising may inhibit the firm's ability to use the profits obtained to open additional businesses in the same country.
D) Franchising may inhibit the firm's ability to take profits out of one country to support competitive attacks in another.

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Explain the idea of a turnkey project. Why should a firm use this arrangement to expand internationally? In what industries are turnkey arrangements most common?

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In a turnkey project, the contractor agr...

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The greater the pressures for cost reductions, the more likely a firm will want to pursue some combination of exporting and wholly owned subsidiaries.

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Discuss the three advantages of acquiring an enterprise in a target market.

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Acquisitions have three major points in ...

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How can a firm protect its proprietary information in a joint venture?


A) Share only the technology that is central to the core competence of the firm.
B) Hold majority ownership in the venture so that the firm has greater control over the technology.
C) Share only the technology of the firm, not the patents and copyrighted information.
D) Hold minority ownership in the venture so that the firm does not have to give over control of the technology.

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Contractual safeguards cannot be written into an alliance agreement to guard against the risk of opportunism by a partner.

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A good ally will expropriate the firm's technological know-how while giving away little in return.

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