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Exam 7: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following factors help determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiescent?

A) temperature
B) composition of the lava
C) amount of dissolved gases in the lava
D) all of the above

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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If you want to melt a rock, even partially, there are three methods you can employ. Which of the following is NOT a way that melting is triggered in rocks in the Earth?

A) adding heat
B) releasing pressure
C) adding water
D) removing water

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Question 33

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Match the descriptions and locations with one of the three principle kinds of volcanoes. A)composite/stratovolcanoes B)shield volcanoes C)cinder cones -1)large, fairly steep-sided cones composed of alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic material 2)small basaltic cones built during one, short, eruptive episode; dominated by pyroclastic material 3)volcanoes of southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands 4)big volcanoes of Hawaii 5)volcano Parícutin in Mexico

Multiple plutons can coalesce (merge) to form a(n) ________.

Shiprock, New Mexico, is a classic example of ________.

Examine the map of the Cascadia subduction zone and explain why an eruption of Mount Rainier would be considerably more destructive than the similar eruption of Mount Mazama, which formed Crater Lake during a massive eruption 7,700 years ago.

The Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States is an excellent example of ________.

In general, cinder cones are much larger than shield volcanoes.

________ is type of basaltic lava flow has its surface covered with sharp-edged, angular blocks and rubble.

________ volcanoes are closely associated with convergent plate boundaries and subduction zones.

Generally speaking, Hawaiian volcanoes are more explosive than the volcanoes of the Cascade Range.

The Andes are an example of a continental volcanic arc forming at convergent plate boundary.

Gases like water vapor or carbon dioxide that get released from lava or magma are referred to as ________.

Eruption columns would be more likely to occur at a shield volcano like Kilauea than at a composite volcano like Mount St. Helens.

Lava flows are the greatest volcanic hazard.

How do calderas form?

________ destroyed the city of St. Pierre, Martinique in 1902.

Olympus Mons is an enormous volcano on Mars. It is the largest volcano in the Solar System. Compositionally and structurally, Olympus Mons is most like a shield volcano on Earth, but it is many times larger. Why should Mars produce such a monstrous shield volcano, while Earth isn't capable of producing one that large?

When magma intrudes other rocks, it may ________ before reaching the surface, producing intrusions called plutons.

Imagine that you have a friend moving to a new area on the North American continent where there is a subduction zone offshore. What sorts of volcanoes would be most likely in this setting? Which volcanic hazards should you warn your friend to be alert for?