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The publication produced by the Bureau of Justice Statistics that includes information about hundreds of justice agency data sets,characteristics of criminal justice agencies,and perceptions of crime,to name just a few,is:


A) the Uniform Crime Reports
B) the National Crime Victimization Survey
C) the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics

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Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the use of content analysis?


A) content analysis involves a statistical study of messages
B) content analysis involves a systematic study of messages and the meaning that those messages convey
C) content analysis involves only the analysis of speeches given concerning criminal justice issues
D) content analysis methods can only be used with agency reports to determine their applicability

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A researcher is interested in studying the budgeting of money within a police department in a mid-sized American city.She gains access to the department's detailed records of expenditures and human resources.This is an example of which type of agency records,as described in the text?


A) published statistics
B) nonpublic agency records
C) new data collected by agency staff
D) content analysis

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Which of the following would not impact the validity and reliability of a study using agency records?


A) discretion of prosecutors in who to charge and what counts to add
B) decisions that are made by police officers to arrest verses give a warning
C) recognition on the part of the researcher that criminal justice data is a composite of criminal behavior, ability to detect that behavior and decisions about system response to that behavior
D) decisions made by probation officers to revoke on new crimes and not technical violations

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All of the following are examples of information collected by or for public agencies except for:


A) published statistics such as National Crime Victimization Survey
B) research produced by faculty at private colleges and universities
C) nonpublic agency records such as internal police data identifying where most crime happens in their jurisdiction
D) new data collected by agency staff that is "hybrid" in nature

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Sometimes there are problems with the people or patterns that are gathered as agency data within the criminal justice system.Which of the following is an incorrect statement with respect to the data gathered by the agencies identified?


A) police officers deal not with individual calls but with cases
B) prosecutors document their work by case
C) judges document their work by their dockets
D) the FBI collects arrest data for NCIC based upon the individual

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The main disadvantage of using secondary data concerns how variables were initially operationalized and whether the secondary data provide__________ measures of the variables you want to analyze.

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Which of the following is not accurate concerning validity and reliability of agency records?


A) the shorter the time intervals under study the greater the concern about procedure changes
B) longitudinal researchers must be concerned about changes in operational definitions over time
C) longitudinal researchers must be concerned about changes in procedures over time
D) the longer the time interval under study the greater the concern about procedure changes

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They underlying meaning of a communication is it's:


A) latent content
B) manifest content
C) coding content
D) coding scheme

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Which of the following is most accurate with respect to published statistics?


A) published statistics such as FBI data presents almost no threat to validity
B) published statistics such as FBI data presents almost no threat to reliability
C) published statistics such as FBI data presents potential threats to validity and reliability
D) published statistics such as FBI data should only be used by law enforcement since the data was collected by them

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Which of the following would be an example of agency records that would be appropriate as a source of data for research?


A) Federal Bureau of Prison inmate records
B) medical records
C) juvenile court records
D) defense attorney records

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The use of secondary analysis of data has become very popular because:


A) it is cheaper but never as good as collecting your own data
B) it is faster because the data is readily available
C) scholarly journals are now publishing primarily data gathered from secondary analysis
D) because it is always considered valid

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Of all research purposes,evaluation is most effective when secondary data is used.

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When using agency records,it is possible to move from individual to aggregate units of analysis,but not the other way around.

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The operational definition of any variable is composed of:


A) the hypothesis
B) the content analysis
C) manifest content
D) attributes

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Criminal Justice agencies collect information about individuals and that information is often kept isolated from each other as the offender travels through the system.This method of keeping data on individuals in an unrelated fashion is known as _____________________ databasing.

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It is relatively easy and common to have agencies modify their data collection forms in order to get information needed for a specific research project being conducted from someone outside the agency.

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Which of the following is not a concern about the use of agency records?


A) since most agencies are computerized, there is little cause to be concerned about the quality of the data
B) expect the expected, it is the unexpected findings that are worrisome
C) changes in record-keeping practices can affect the measurement
D) data will be accurate because agency data has to be

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Being able to benefit from the work of topflight professionals and esteemed academics is an advantage of using:


A) secondary data
B) published statistics
C) nonpublic agency data
D) new data collected by agency staff

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In Sherman and colleagues' research dealing with crime hot spots they chose to use 'calls for service' to local law enforcement as a means of measuring where different types of crimes happened with greatest frequency.They noted some problems with the use of calls for service.Which of the following represents those problems?


A) there is a potential for duplicate calls to local law enforcement for any one event
B) there may be false reports, in other words no crime happened
C) there can be misleading findings such as parking lots or hospitals may appear to be hot spots when in fact they are not
D) all of the above

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