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The size of a species' population, be that animal or human, is influenced by births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.

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The southern sea otter population, although hunted to near extinction, recovered during the years


A) 1850 to 1900
B) 1900 to 1938
C) 1938 to 2008
D) 1938 to 1968
E) 1948 to 1988

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Which of the following would exhibit primary succession?


A) rock exposed by a retreating glacier
B) an abandoned farm
C) a forest that has been clear-cut
D) newly flooded land to create a reservoir
E) a forest that has been burned

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Clearly describe in what ways predation is actually beneficial to the prey population.

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Those individuals that are typically rem...

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A large mountain just south of Reno, Nevada, is called Slide Mountain. a.This name refers to the fact that in the early 1980s, after weeks of heavy precipitation, a large section of this mountain became a destructive mudslide that slid down the east slopes and destroyed the vegetation and homes in its path. In the decades since the mudslide, the vegetation has completely regrown, and the slide area is no longer visible. This is an example of


A) Primary succession.
B) Secondary succession.
C) During the first 10 years following the mudslide it was primary succession, and after that it was secondary succession.
D) Tertiary succession.
E) This is not an example of any type of succession.

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You are visiting a nature preserve in Costa Rica with a classmate. a.Your companion comments on the bright colors and beauty of many species of frogs and insects that you encounter on your excursion. a.Explain to this person the function that the bright colors serve in the context of ecosystem functioning.

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Brightly colored prey species are utiliz...

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Births and deaths are the only two factors that determine population sizes.

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All of the following illustrate the relationship of mutualism except


A) oxpeckers and black rhinoceros
B) epiphytes
C) clownfish and sea anemone
D) bacteria in the digestive system of animals
E) flowering plants and insects

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According to biologist Edward O. a.Wilson, if an animal is strikingly beautiful and easy to catch, it is probably ________________ (to eat).

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Which of the following combinations likely has the highest level of interspecific competition?


A) hyenas competing with hyenas
B) lions competing with hyenas
C) hyenas competing with bat-eared foxes
D) lions competing with bat-eared foxes
E) bat eared foxes competing with bat-eared foxes

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Hawks typically forage for their rodent prey species during the daytime. a.While owls may eat similar prey species, and live in the same area, they forage during the night. This is best described as an example of


A) interspecific competition
B) mutualism
C) parasitism
D) predation
E) resource partitioning

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A common tick is an example of a(n) ____________________.

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Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice  Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice    -On the ecological succession figure, choose the letter that represents the initiation of secondary ecological succession. -On the ecological succession figure, choose the letter that represents the initiation of secondary ecological succession.

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Which of the following is accurate with regards to the balance of nature hypothesis?


A) It is currently viewed as the most accurate description of how ecological succession can arise at a climax community.
B) It is the historically held equilibrium model of succession in which, once achieved, a climax community will be dominated by a few long-lived plant species.
C) It suggests that there are always an appropriate number and diversity of producers to allow an ever-increasing number of primary consumers to inhabit a changing community.
D) It suggests that the pathway of ecological succession is not predictable.
E) None of these answers are accurate.

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   The three graphs above represent the niches of three different species of mammal on the African Savannah. -Which of the following is accurate based on the graphs represented? A) Lions and hyenas have a great deal of niche overlap. B) Hyenas and bat eared foxes have no niche overlap. C) Lions frequently steal food from bat eared foxes. D) Lions are more successful hunters than are hyenas. E) Two of the above are true. The three graphs above represent the niches of three different species of mammal on the African Savannah. -Which of the following is accurate based on the graphs represented?


A) Lions and hyenas have a great deal of niche overlap.
B) Hyenas and bat eared foxes have no niche overlap.
C) Lions frequently steal food from bat eared foxes.
D) Lions are more successful hunters than are hyenas.
E) Two of the above are true.

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The relationship between a lion and a zebra is said to be that of a(n) ____________________.

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predator-p...

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Which of the following is characteristic of the reproductive pattern of most large mammals?


A) tend to produce high numbers of offspring
B) give very little parental care
C) low survival rate of offspring
D) long gestation periods
E) high offspring mortality

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Which of the following best describes the two important aspects needed to stabilize living systems?


A) resilience and flexibility
B) inertia and resilience
C) environmental resistance and persistence
D) persistence and inertia
E) persistence and flexibility

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Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice -The Owl Butterfly is native to Costa Rica. a.Its hindwings have patterns in the shape and size of the eyes of a large owl.


A) interspecific competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) commensalism
F) mimicry

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Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice -Your housecat kills the mice in your yard and around your house.


A) interspecific competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) commensalism
F) mimicry

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