Question 1

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer stomach acid.
B)  buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide.
C)  limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
D)  buffer the urine.
E)  increase ventilation. C

Question 2

Antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  is released from the posterior pituitary gland.
B)  stimulates water intake.
C)  stimulates water conservation by the kidneys.
D)  is produced by the hypothalamus.
E)  All of the answers are correct. E

Question 3

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ________ from his body.

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  sodium
C)  bicarbonate ion
D)  hydrogen ion
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 4

A ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Accepted Answer

buffer

Question 5

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  consequence of hyperventilation,for example in fever or mental illness
B)  consequence of prolonged vomiting
C)  consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation,for example due to COPD
D)  consequence of tissue hypoxia,for example in ischemic conditions

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH
B)  aldosterone
C)  BNP
D)  ANP
E)  epinephrine

Question 7

The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life.List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved.

Accepted Answer

Three types of homeostasis are involved:...

Question 8

When pure water is consumed,

Accepted Answer

A)  the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF.
B)  a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases.
C)  osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall.
D)  the volume of the ECF decreases.
E)  the volume of the ICF decreases.

Question 9

When the pH rises above 7.45,a state of ________ exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the pH rises above 7.45,a state...

Question 10

Exchange between the two main subdivisions of ECF occurs primarily at the

Accepted Answer

A)  veins.
B)  muscles.
C)  tissues.
D)  capillaries.
E)  arteries.

Question 11

The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ions.
B)  chlorine ions.
C)  potassium ions.
D)  sodium ions.
E)  electrons.

Question 12

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Accepted Answer

A)  drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood.
B)  result in a temporary increase in blood volume.
C)  decrease thirst.
D)  cause hypotension.
E)  activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Question 13

The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium,chloride,and bicarbonate.
B)  sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate.
C)  sodium,potassium,and calcium.
D)  sodium,hydrogen,and chloride.
E)  sodium,potassium,and phosphate.

Question 14

A ________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ acid is an acid that...

Question 15

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolyte.
B)  acid.
C)  alkali.
D)  compensation.
E)  buffer.

Question 16

About two-thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular
B)  intercellular
C)  extracellular
D)  interstitial
E)  vital

Question 17

A ________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

fixed or n...

Question 18

The ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium,chloride,and bicarbonate.
B)  sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate.
C)  sodium,potassium,and calcium.
D)  potassium,hydrogen,and chloride.
E)  proteins,potassium,and phosphate.

Question 19

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of ________....

Question 20

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Accepted Answer

A)  increased by ADH.
B)  associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts.
C)  minimal because the human diet includes very little potassium.
D)  an indication of dehydration.
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Exam 27: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Antidiuretic hormone

Correct AnswerverifiedE

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ________ from his body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Correct Answerverifiedbuffer

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life.List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved.

Correct AnswerverifiedThree types of homeostasis are involved:...View AnswerShow Answer

When pure water is consumed,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the pH rises above 7.45,a state of ________ exists.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exchange between the two main subdivisions of ECF occurs primarily at the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

About two-thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Correct Answerverifiedfixed or n...View AnswerShow Answer

The ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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buffer

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Three types of homeostasis are involved:...
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fixed or n...
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